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Science > Environmental Chemistry > Flashcards

Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of gas do cars release that cause ACID RAIN?

A

Nitrogen oxides

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2
Q

What gas do living plants and animals release that also causes ACID RAIN?

A

Carbon dioxide

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3
Q

What 2 gases does burning fossil fuels release that cause ACID RAIN?

A

Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide

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4
Q

What gases cause acid rain?

A

Sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides

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5
Q

How are harmful gases such as sulphur dioxide released into the atmosphere to cause acid rain?

A

Volcanoes, burning fossil fuels, car engines, loving plants and animals

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6
Q

How is acid rain formed?

A

Acidic gases are released into the atmosphere
They dissolve in moisture in the air
Clouds cool and release acid rain
It falls on the land and rivers

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7
Q

What are some effects of acid rain?

A

Weathering of rock -fizzes and releases CO2
Pollution in the air (asthma)
Fish die - sea becomes more acidic
Soil is more acidic - trees die, more CO2 less oxygen

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8
Q

How much more acidic is acid rain than normal rain and why?

A

1000x because it contains nitric and sulphuric acid

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9
Q

Where does the nitric acid come from in acid rain

A

Combustion of nitrogen and oxygen

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10
Q

Where does sulphuric acid come from in acid rain

A

Combustion of fossil fuels

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11
Q

What is CASHOCO

A

Carbonate+Acid—> Salt+Water+Carbon Dioxidde

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12
Q

What is pollution?

A

The introduction of substances into the atmosphere that may have an adverse effect on living things

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13
Q

How does carbon get from the atmosphere to oceans?

A

Dissolves

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14
Q

How does carbon get from the atmosphere to plants?

A

Photosynthesis

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15
Q

How does carbon get from plants to dead organisms and soil

A

By dying

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16
Q

How does carbon get from plants to animals

A

By getting eaten

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17
Q

How does carbon get from plants to the atmosphere?

A

Respiration

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18
Q

How does carbon get from animals to the atmosphere?

A

Respiration

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19
Q

How does carbon get from animals to dead organisms and soil

A

By dying

20
Q

How does carbon get from dead organisms and soil to the atmosphere

A

Decomposition

21
Q

How does carbon get from the ocean to the atmosphere

A

Release

22
Q

How does carbon get from fossil fuels to the atmosphere?

A

Combustion

23
Q

What are the effects of global warming

A

Rise in sea levels, floods, droughts, frequent storms, rise in temperatures

24
Q

What gases cause global warming?

A

Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, car exhaust fumes, burning fuels

25
Q

What happens in global warming (key points)

A

The sun warms the earth by emitting SHORT WAVES. Some is of the heat is absorbed but most of it gets reflected back into the atmosphere as LONG WAVES but gets trapped from escaping since CO2 and H2O absorb the long waves and emit it back in ALL DIRECTIONS including back to earth

26
Q

What is an EXOthermic reaction?

A

Where heat energy (EXits) is given out of the substance into its surroundings

27
Q

What is an ENDOthermic reaction?

A

Where heat energy (ENters) is taken in from the surroundings to the substance

28
Q

What is a physical reaction

A

Can be reversed

29
Q

What is a chemical reaction

A

It is irreversible

30
Q

What is the symbol equation for nitric acid

A

NHO3

31
Q

What is the symbol equation for sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

32
Q

What is the symbol equation for carbonic acid

A

H2CO6

33
Q

Mass of the reactants must equal…

A

The mass of the products

34
Q

What is combustion

A

Burning. Needs oxygen, heat and a fuel. Removing one of these will make the fire go out.

35
Q

What is a fuel

A

Something that gives off energy when it is burned

36
Q

What is complete combustion

A

When there is ENOUGH oxygen for the fuel to burn completely

37
Q

What is the word equation for complete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

38
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

Fuels: carbon and hydrogen

39
Q

What is INcomplete combustion

A

When there ISN’T enough oxygen for the fuel to burn completely

40
Q

What is the word equation for incomplete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon MONoxide + carbon(soot) + water

41
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous

A

It kills, can’t see, taste or smell it

42
Q

What is the symbol equation for complete combustion

A

CH4 + O2 –> CO2 + H2O

43
Q

What is the symbol equation for incomplete combustion

A

CH4 + O2 –> CO + C + H2O

44
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction

45
Q

What gas is released when volcanoes erupt and is also a cause of ACID RAIN?

A

Sulphur dioxide

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