Fit & Healthy Flashcards
What do marrows do?
Produce blood cells
What does the cranium protect? (Skull)
The brain and eyes
What do the ribs protect?
The heart, lungs
What does the pelvis protect?
Bladder and intestines
What does the vertebrae protect?
The spinal cord
What is the scientific name for the funny bone?
Humorous
What is the biggest bone in the body?
Femur (thigh)
What are red blood cells like?
Flexible shape to pass easily through small blood vessels. No nucleus and large surface area for more space for oxygen
How do you recognise how fit a person is?
Their resting pulse rate (low), during exercise pulse rate doesn’t increase as much, after exercise pulse rate returns to normal quickly
What are some effects of smoking?
Wrinkles, tar filled lungs, cancer, gum disease, stained teeth, increase chance of death, addiction, bad breath, struggling to breathe, coughing, finger discolour
Why do some people smoke?
Stress, addiction, peer pressure, attention, depression, bad influence, rebellious
What are some chemicals in cigarettes? Why are they so bad?
Arsenic - poisonous, spots on hands, feet and neck, vomiting, diarrhoea, blood in urine, hair loss, cramping muscles, stomach pain. Ammonia - damages cells
What are some long term effects of alcohol?
Weight gain (beer belly), liver damage, damage to brain, addiction, weaken immune system, increase cholesterol
What are some short term effects of alcohol?
Hangover, memory loss, sober, vomiting, headaches, loss of balance, delayed reactions, hiccups, dizziness
What is a “unit” in terms of alcohol?
How much alcohol a drink has as a percentage
How do you find the unit for an alcoholic drink?
Volume(ml) x Alcohol(%) / 1000
What is one alcoholic unit equivalent to?
8g and 10ml
What are the four types of drugs?
Hallucinogens, stimulants, pain killers, depressants
What are hallucinogens? Give examples. Why do people take it?
Make you see things that aren’t actually there. Examples: magic mushrooms
To escape from reality
What are stimulants? Give examples. Why do people take it?
Speeds up things. E.g. Cocaine, caffeine, tobacco. Increase heart rate and reaction times
What are pain killers? Give examples. Why do people take it?
Block nerve cells from getting to the brain. E.g. Heroin, paracetamol, aspirin, morphine
What are depressants? Give examples. Why do people take it?
Slow down reaction times. W.g. Cannabis, alcohol. Decrease heart rate and reaction times
What is more illegal? Class A or B drugs?
Class A
What is a drug?
A substance that can change the chemical reactions in the body
What does tar do to the lungs?
Causes cancer and coats the inside of the lungs and alveoli making it difficult for gas exchange
What does smoke do to the lungs?
Damages the cilia (cells with tiny hair-like parts that move the mucus out the lungs) which causes the smokers cough to move the mucus
What does nicotine do to the lungs?
It is addictive. Increases the heart rate and blood pressure and makes blood vessels narrower which leads to heart disease
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Movement, protection of organs, structure, production of blood (marrows)
How do muscles help move bones?
The muscles can only pull. To raise the forearm, the bicep contracts and the tricep relaxes. To lower,the triceps contract and the biceps relax
