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Microbiology > Micro Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Micro Chapter 27 Flashcards

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1
Q 
Single-stranded RNA viruses that have an RNA genome that is identical in base sequence to that of mRNA produced by the virus are called 
  A) Negative-strand viruses 
  B) Positive-strand viruses 
  C) mRNA viruses 
  D) Bacteriophages
A

B

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2
Q 
Single-stranded viruses that have RNA genomes that are complimentary to the mRNA they produce are called 
  A) Negative-strand viruses 
  B) Positive-strand viruses 
  C) Complimentary viruses 
  D) Bacteriophages
A

A

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3
Q 
Most bacteriophages have what type of genetic material? 
  A) Double-stranded DNA 
  B) Single-stranded DNA 
  C) Double-stranded RNA 
  D) Single-stranded RNA
A

A

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4
Q 
The first step in viral infection of bacteriophage is 
  A) Lysis 
  B) Replication 
  C) Attachment 
  D) Assembly
A

C

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5
Q 
Which enzyme, produced by infecting bacteriophage, aids in the penetration of the cell wall? 
  A) Lysozyme 
  B) Cysteine protease 
  C) Endonuclease 
  D) Catalase
A

A

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6
Q 
Once bacteriophage DNA is injected into a host cell, it can start synthesizing mRNA within 
  A) Minutes 
  B) Hours 
  C) Days 
  D) Weeks
A

A

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7
Q 
In T4 bacteriophage, expression of viral genes is regulated by 
  A) Host DNA polymerase 
  B) Host RNA polymerase 
  C) Viral DNA polymerase 
  D) Viral RNA polymerase
A

B

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8
Q

What is the purpose of hydroxymethylcytosine (HMC) in bacteriophages?
A) Allows the host to recognize bacteriophage DNA
B) Initiates transcription of viral DNA
C) Protects viral DNA from host endonucleases
D) Aids in the rupture of the host membrane prior to lysis

A

C

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9
Q

Which of the following is true of clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems in bacterial and archaeal cells?
A) Protect bacteria and archaea from viral infection
B) Code for CAS proteins that can destroy viral DNA and mRNA
C) Can be used to infer a viral infection history
D) All of the above

A

D

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10
Q

Which of the following is true of the linear dsDNA genome of T4 bacteriophage?
A) Contain telomeres and telomerase that aids in replication of linear ends
B) Contain repeated base sequences that form concatemers
C) Ends of chromosomes contain late viral genes
D) All of the above

A

B

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11
Q 
Which of the following are late mRNA products in T4 bacteriophage? 
  A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
  B) Phage structural proteins 
  C) Viral sigma factors 
  D) All of the above
A

B

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12
Q

What is the function of the complex of proteins called the “packasome” in T4 bacteriophage?
A) Initiates lysis of the host cell
B) Aids in penetration of the host cell
C) Generates double-stranded ends at the ends of concatemers
D) Caps the ends of linear chromosomes to prevent damage by host restriction enzymes

A

C

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13
Q

Which of the following is true of T4 bacteriophage lysis?
A) Occurs when virions reach a threshold of about 150 cells
B) Production of holin aids in lysis by creating holes in the host membrane
C) Production of T4 lysozyme aids in lysis by degrading the host cell wall
D) All of the above

A

D

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14
Q

Lambda bacteriophage
A) Always enters the lysogenic cycle as it infects the host
B) Always enters the lytic cycle as it infects the host
C) Enters the lysogenic cycle if cII protein levels are high
D) Enters the lytic cycle if cII protein levels are high

A

C

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15
Q

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the transcription of the bacteriophage lambda genome?
A) The host cell’s DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
B) The host cell’s DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
C) Viral DNA polymerase
D) Viral RNA polymerase

A

B

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16
Q

What is the relationship between the regulatory proteins involved in determining lysogeny and lysis in bacteriophage lambda?
A) Cro protein levels increase as lambda repressor levels increase
B) Cro protein levels increase as lambda repressor levels decrease
C) Cro protein levels decrease as lambda repressor levels decrease
D) Cro protein levels and lambda repressor levels are not dependent upon one another

A

B

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17
Q

A lysogenic bacteriophage is induced into a lytic cycle through which of the following events?
A) In response to an increase in extracellular ion concentration
B) In response to an environment factor that damages DNA
C) In response to an increase in virions in the extracellular environment
D) All of the above

A

B

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18
Q 
All known archaeal viruses have which type of genome? 
  A) Double-stranded DNA 
  B) Single-stranded DNA 
  C) Double-stranded RNA 
  D) Single-stranded RNA
A

A

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19
Q 
A member of the viral family Herpesviridae causes which of the following diseases? 
  A) Cold sores 
  B) Genital herpes 
  C) Chicken pox 
  D) All of the above
A

D

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20
Q

Which of the following is true of herpesviruses?
A) They have a single-stranded RNA genome
B) They exhibit a viral envelope with regularly dispersed spikes
C) They cause only productive infections
D) All of the above

A

B

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21
Q 
The envelope of herpesviruses arises from which of the following host structures? 
  A) Plasma membrane 
  B) Golgi apparatus 
  C) Nucleus 
  D) Endoplasmic reticulum
A

B

22
Q 
Which of the following diseases is an example of a latent herpesvirus infection? 
  A) Chicken pox 
  B) Shingles 
  C) Epstein-Barr virus 
  D) All of the above
A

B

23
Q

What factor is responsible for establishing latency of herpesvirus infections in humans?
A) The viral protein VP16
B) The host protein, host cell factor (HCF)
C) Both viral proteins VP16 and HCF
D) Neither viral protein VP16 nor HCF

A

C

24
Q

Which of the following is an example of a nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA (NCLD) virus?
A) Members of the family Herpesviridae
B) Members of the family Poxviridae
C) Members of the family Reoviridae
D) None of the above

A

B

25
Q

The large genomes of the nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA (NCLD) viruses provide them with which of the following advantages?
A) They are able to transcribe more genes more rapidly
B) They are more likely to integrate genes from other organisms
C) They encode genes for many proteins that make them less dependent on the host
D) All of the above

A

C

26
Q

Which of the following characteristics of viruses can be used to classify them as non-living, acellular agents of infection?
A) They reproduce
B) They evolve
C) They alter their gene expression in response to stimuli
D) They must carry out metabolic processes within a host cell

A

D

27
Q

Which of the following characteristics of viruses can be used to acknowledge them as living organisms?
A) They must carry out metabolic processes within a host cell
B) They alter their gene expression in response to stimuli
C) They lack energy-conserving processes
D) Ability to crystallize

A

B

28
Q 
The largest virus with a genome as large as a bacterial genome is the 
  A) Vaccinia 
  B) Tobacco mosaic virus 
  C) Mimivirus 
  D) T4 bacteriophage
A

C

29
Q 
Which of the following viruses has a single-stranded DNA genome? 
  A) T4 bacteriophage 
  B) Bacteriophage phi-X174 
  C) Herpesviruses 
  D) Poxviruses
A

B

30
Q

In order for plus-stranded DNA to replicate its genome, what must occur?
A) It must be converted into negative-stranded DNA
B) It must be converted into a double-stranded replicative form
C) It must first be transcribed into mRNA
D) None of the above

A

B

31
Q

Which of the following is true of Parvoviruses?
A) Its genome directs the synthesis of only three proteins and some polypeptides
B) They are among the simplest of the DNA viruses
C) The majority of the genome is composed of single-stranded DNA
D) All of the above

A

D

32
Q

Which feature of parvovirus DNA makes it recognizable to host replication enzymes?
A) Inverted repeats at the ends of the DNA sequence
B) TATA boxes
C) Palindromic sequences that fold over on themselves
D) None of the above

A

C

33
Q 
Which of the following enzymes is required for RNA genomes to complete their life cycle inside the host? 
  A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
  B) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
  C) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
  D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
A

D

34
Q 
Which of the following groups of viruses has a double-stranded RNA genome? 
  A) Herpesviruses 
  B) Parvoviruses 
  C) Rotaviruses 
  D) Polioviruses
A

C

35
Q

Which of the following is true of the phi-6 bacteriophage?
A) Has a segmented genome composed of multiple linear RNA molecules
B) It is an enveloped phage
C) Its viral polymerase acts both as a transcriptase and a replicase
D) All of the above

A

D

36
Q 
In the rotavirus, the double-layered particle (DLP) is enveloped by the host's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ forming a triple-layered virion. 
  A) Plasma membrane 
  B) Golgi complex 
  C) Nuclear envelope 
  D) Endoplasmic reticulum
A

D

37
Q 
Which of the following groups of viruses has a positive-stranded RNA genome? 
  A) Herpesviruses 
  B) Parvoviruses 
  C) Rotaviruses 
  D) Polioviruses
A

D

38
Q 
Which feature of the poliovirus genome "tricks" its host into translating its plus-strand RNA genome? 
  A) 5' caps 
  B) Poly-A tails 
  C) Internal ribosome binding site 
  D) All of the above
A

C

39
Q

The large polyprotein translated by the poliovirus genome is used for
A) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
B) Structural proteins for capsid formation
C) Both 1 and 2
D) None of the above

A

C

40
Q

Which of the following mechanisms allows plus-strand RNA viruses to generate multiple proteins from a single RNA molecule?
A) Cutting a polyprotein into smaller proteins
B) Ribosomal frame-shifting
C) Readthrough mechanisms
D) All of the above

A

D

41
Q 
Which of the following is required for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to move from cell to cell in the plant? 
  A) Lysozyme 
  B) Viral movement proteins 
  C) Cysteine proteases 
  D) Chloroplast inhibiting proteins
A

B

42
Q 
Which of the following viral genomes is thought to have evolved most recently? 
  A) Double-stranded DNA 
  B) Single-stranded DNA 
  C) Plus-stranded RNA 
  D) Negative-stranded RNA
A

D

43
Q

Which of the following is true of negative-stranded RNA genomes?
A) They can function as mRNA
B) They must bring at least one RNA-dependent RNA polymerase into the host cell
C) Negative-stranded genomes serve as a template for new negative-strand genomes
D) All of the above

A

B

44
Q 
Which of the following viruses is an example of a negative-stranded RNA virus? 
  A) Polioviruses 
  B) T4 bacteriophages 
  C) Ebolavirus 
  D) All of the above
A

C

45
Q 
Retroviruses have positive-stranded genomes and require which enzyme to convert their ssRNA genome into dsDNA? 
  A) Reverse transcriptase 
  B) DNA polymerase 
  C) RNA polymerase 
  D) None of the above
A

A

46
Q 
Which of the following viral proteins allows influenza virus to adhere to the epithelium of the host respiratory system? 
  A) Neuraminidase (NA) only 
  B) Hemagglutinin (HA) only 
  C) Both NA and HA 
  D) Neither NA nor HA
A

C

47
Q 
Which of the following viruses is an example of a retrovirus? 
  A) Herpesvirus 
  B) HIV 
  C) Influenza virus 
  D) Tobacco mosaic virus
A

B

48
Q 
How does HIV enter the host cell? 
  A) Its envelope fuses with the host cell's plasma membrane 
  B) Via receptor-mediated endocytosis 
  C) Phagocytosis by the host cell 
  D) Via injection of a polar tube
A

B

49
Q

Reverse transcriptase is capable of which of the following activity?
A) Acting as an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
B) Acting as a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
C) Acting as a ribonuclease
D) All of the above

A

D

50
Q 
Which of the following groups of viruses has a gapped DNA genome? 
  A) Polioviruses 
  B) Parvoviruses 
  C) Hepadnaviruses 
  D) Rotaviruses
A

C

Microbiology (42 decks)

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