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Microbiology > Micro Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Micro Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
Organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus and without compartmentalization are called
	A)	Prokaryotes
	B)	Eukaryotes
	C)	Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
	D)	Neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes
A

A

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2
Q 
Organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called
	A)	Prokaryotes
	B)	Eukaryotes
	C)	Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
	D)	Neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes
A

B

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3
Q

Which of the following scientific advances influenced microbial classification?
A) Use of electron microscopy to study detailed structures of microbial cells
B) Determination of the biochemical and physiological characteristics of many microbes
C) Sequencing of nucleic acids and proteins from a wide variety of microbes
D) All of the above

A

D

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4
Q 
Comparison of ribosomal RNA from a variety of microorganisms led to which of the following classification schemes?
	A)	Two-domain
	B)	Three-domain
	C)	Three-kingdom
	D)	Five-kingdom
A

B

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5
Q

Which of the following characteristics best describe the bacteria?
A) Usually live in extreme environments
B) Most exhibit unusual metabolic characteristics
C) Cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan
D) Plasma membrane is composed of unique lipids

A

C

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6
Q

Which of the following characteristics best describe the Archaea?
A) Usually live in extreme environments
B) Exhibit unusual metabolic characteristics
C) Plasma membrane is composed of unique lipids
D) All of the above

A

D

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7
Q 
The Domain Eukarya includes which of the following microorganisms?
	A)	Bacteria
	B)	Archaea
	C)	Protists
	D)	All of the above
A

C

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8
Q 
Which of the following is a major type of protist?
	A)	Algae
	B)	Protozoa
	C)	Slime and water molds
	D)	All of the above
A

D

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9
Q 
A diverse group of microorganisms that are multicellular, form hyphae, and absorb nutrients from the environment are called
	A)	Algae
	B)	Protozoa
	C)	Fungi
	D)	Water and slime molds
A

C

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10
Q 
Viruses require
	A)	Water for reproduction
	B)	Host cells to replicate
	C)	Cell walls composed of peptidoglycan
	D)	None of the above
A

B

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11
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are infectious proteins that cause spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie and "mad cow disease."
	A)	Viruses
	B)	Viroids
	C)	Virusoids
	D)	Prions
A

D

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12
Q 
n the scientific method, an educated guess used to explain observations is called
	A)	An experiment
	B)	A hypothesis
	C)	A theory
	D)	A law
A

B

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13
Q 
Microbiologists consider which of the following to be an important attribute of life?
	A)	Movement
	B)	Reproduction
	C)	Pathogenicity
	D)	Ability to form a biofilm
A

B

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14
Q 
The first self-replicating molecule on the primitive Earth was most likely
	A)	DNA
	B)	RNA
	C)	Protein
	D)	None of the above
A

B

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15
Q

RNA was most likely the first self-replicating molecule because
A) It can catalyze chemical reactions
B) It can regulate gene expression
C) ATP, the energy currency of the cell, is composed of a ribonucleotide
D) All of the above

A

D

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16
Q 
The universal phylogenetic tree is constructed from comparisons of which of the following molecules among diverse organisms?
	A)	SSU rRNA
	B)	Proteins
	C)	Metabolic pathways
	D)	None of the above
A

A

17
Q

According to the universal phylogenetic tree,
A) The bacteria and the Archaea are more closely related and evolved from a common ancestor after the Eukarya
B) The Eukarya and the Archaea are more closely related and evolved from a common ancestor after the bacteria
C) The bacteria and the Eukarya are more closely related and evolved from a common ancestor after the Archaea
D) The bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eukarya diverged from a single common ancestor

A

B

18
Q

The origin of eukaryotic organelles is best described by
A) The theory of evolution by natural selection
B) The endosymbiotic hypothesis
C) Horizontal gene transfer
D) None of the above

A

B

19
Q 
The hydrogen hypothesis describes the evolution of which eukaryotic organelle?
	A)	Nucleus
	B)	Chloroplast
	C)	Mitochondria
	D)	All of the above
A

C

20
Q 
A major source of genetic diversity in bacteria is
	A)	Sexual reproduction
	B)	Asexual reproduction
	C)	Horizontal gene transfer
	D)	All of the above
A

C

21
Q

The traditional biological species concept applied to some eukaryotes is not valid for bacteria because
A) Bacteria reproduce asexually
B) Bacteria have unique metabolic characteristics
C) Bacteria are microscopic
D) All of the above

A

A

22
Q 
A collection of bacterial or Archaeal strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains are known as
	A)	Subgroups
	B)	Species
	C)	Domains
	D)	Phyla
A

B

23
Q 
Which of the following are important methods to microbiologists?
	A)	Microscopy
	B)	Culture techniques
	C)	Genomic analysis
	D)	All of the above
A

D

24
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ constructed simple microscopes, observed bacteria and protists, and reported his findings to the Royal Society of London.
	A)	Francesco Stelluti
	B)	Robert Hooke
	C)	Antony van Leeuwenhoek
	D)	Galileo
A

C

25
Q

Which of the following observations by Francesco Redi refutes the idea of spontaneous generation?
A) Flies laid eggs on uncovered meat and maggots developed
B) Covered pieces of meat did not produce maggots spontaneously
C) Maggots and flies are usually associated with meat
D) All of the above

A

B

26
Q 
Which of the following scientists contributed to disproving spontaneous generation?
	A)	Francesco Redi
	B)	John Needham
	C)	Lazzaro Spallanzani
	D)	All of the above
A

D

27
Q 
Which scientist linked silkworm disease with a fungus?
	A)	Louis Pasteur
	B)	Agostino Bassi
	C)	Robert Koch
	D)	John Tyndall
A

B

28
Q 
The processes of heating liquids to destroy undesirable microbes is called
	A)	Sanitation
	B)	Sterilization
	C)	Fermentation
	D)	Pasteurization
A

D

29
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ first used phenol in surgery to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds.
	A)	Louis Pasteur
	B)	Robert Koch
	C)	Joseph Lister
	D)	Lazzaro Spallanzani
A

C

30
Q

Which of the following examples best illustrates Koch’s postulates?
A) The microorganism is present in some healthy organisms and some diseased organisms
B) The suspected organisms are isolated and grown in pure culture
C) A different disease resulted when the isolated microorganism was inoculated into a healthy host
D) Isolation of the same microorganism from the diseased host was not possible

A

B

31
Q

Agar is an ideal solidifying agent for growing bacteria because
A) It is not broken down by most bacteria
B) It is in liquid form at 100 degrees Celsius
C) It is in a solid form at 50 degrees Celsius
D) All of the above

A

D

32
Q 
The first scientists to knowingly use attenuated bacteria in vaccination were
	A)	Pasteur and Roux
	B)	Jenner and Lister
	C)	Redi and Spallanzani
	D)	None of the above
A

A

33
Q

A major discovery in the field of immunology was
A) Injection with attenuated microorganisms provided immunity
B) Discovery of antibodies
C) Discovery of immune system cells
D) All of the above

A

D

34
Q 
The discovery that soil bacteria could oxidize iron, sulfur, and ammonia to obtain energy was made by
	A)	Sergei Winogradsky
	B)	Louis Pasteur
	C)	Martinus Beijernck
	D)	Robert Koch
A

A

35
Q 
All the genetic information that an organism contains is called its
	A)	Chromosome
	B)	Amino acid
	C)	Genome
	D)	RNA
A

C

36
Q 
Molecules made by combining two or more different DNA molecules together are called
	A)	Nucleotides
	B)	Recombinant DNA molecules
	C)	Restriction enzymes
	D)	None of the above
A

B

37
Q 
The field of microbiology that studies the spread of communicable disease, detects outbreaks, and implements appropriate control measures is called
	A)	Microbial ecology
	B)	Epidemiology
	C)	Immunology
	D)	Industrial microbiology
A

B

38
Q 
The field of microbiology that studies the roles of diverse microorganisms in the environment is called
	A)	Microbial ecology
	B)	Epidemiology
	C)	Immunology
	D)	Industrial microbiology
A

A

39
Q 
The field of microbiology that researches now uses for microbes and for culturing and isolating their products is called
	A)	Microbial ecology
	B)	Epidemiology
	C)	Immunology
	D)	Industrial microbiology
A

D

Microbiology (42 decks)

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