Micro Chapter 12

Question 1

Which of the following is true of anabolism?
A) Requires the input of energy
B) Pathways are irreversible
C) Reactions are physically separated from catabolic reactions
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which molecule usually acts as an electron donor in biosynthesis reactions?
	A)	NADH
	B)	NADPH
	C)	FADH
	D)	Pyruvate

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Carbon skeletons that are used as the starting substrates for the synthesis of macromolecules are called
	A)	Electron carriers
	B)	Lipids
	C)	Precursor metabolites
	D)	Complex carbohydrates

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is considered to be a central metabolic pathway?
	A)	Emden-Meyerhoff pathway
	B)	Pentose phosphate pathway
	C)	Tricarboxylic acid cycle
	D)	All of the above

Answer 4

D

Question 5

Organisms that use CO2 as their sole or principal carbon source are called
	A)	Heterotrophs
	B)	Autotrophs
	C)	Lithotrophs
	D)	Mixotrophs

Answer 5

B

Question 6

Most autotrophs use this pathway for CO2-fixation.
	A)	The reductive TCA cycle
	B)	The carbon cycle
	C)	The 3-hydroxypropionate pathway
	D)	The acetyl-CoA pathway

Answer 6

B

Question 7

The Calvin cycle is essentially the reverse of
	A)	The Entner-Duodoroff pathway
	B)	The tricarboxylic acid cycle
	C)	The pentose phosphate pathway
	D)	Oxidative photosynthesis

Answer 7

C

Question 8

In cyanobacteria, the Calvin cycle occurs in the
	A)	Cytoplasm
	B)	Carboxysomes
	C)	Chloroplast
	D)	Plasma membrane

Answer 8

B

Question 9

In the first phase of the Calvin cycle
A) 3-phosphoglycerate is transformed into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
B) Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is broken down into 3-phosphoglycerte
C) Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is reformed
D) None of the above

Answer 9

B

Question 10

To synthesize glucose 6-phosphate from CO2, the Calvin cycle must operate
	A)	Once
	B)	3 times
	C)	6 times
	D)	12 times

Answer 10

C

Question 11

The reductive TCA cycle is used by
A) Algae and protists
B) Chemolithotrophs and anoxygenic phototrophs
C) Oxygenic phototrophs and chemoorganoheterotrophs
D) None of the above

Answer 11

B

Question 12

The acetyl-CoA pathway is used by
	A)	Protists
	B)	Methanogens
	C)	Green sulfur bacteria
	D)	Algae

Answer 12

B

Question 13

The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors is called
	A)	Glycolysis
	B)	Gluconeogenesis
	C)	The Calvin cycle
	D)	Photosynthesis

Answer 13

B

Question 14

Which of the following enzymes are involved in gluconeogenesis?
	A)	Glucose 6-phosphate
	B)	Fructose bisphoshpate
	C)	Phosphenolpyruvate carboxylkinase
	D)	All of the above

Answer 14

D

Question 15

Which molecule carries glucose around the cell for participation in enzyme reactions?
	A)	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
	B)	Uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG)
	C)	Pyruvate
	D)	DNA

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Nucleoside diphosphate sugars participate in the synthesis of
	A)	Monosaccharides
	B)	Polysaccharides
	C)	Peptidoglycan
	D)	All of the above

Answer 16

D

Question 17

In the initial step of peptidoglycan synthesis,
A) A transpeptidation reaction occurs to create peptide cross-links
B) Amino acids are added sequentially to UDP-NAM to form a pentapeptide chain
C) The peptidoglycan repeat unit is transferred across the membrane by bactoprenol
D) None of the above

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Continual peptidoglycan digestion occurs as a bacterial cell grows due to
	A)	Hydrolases
	B)	Transpeptidase
	C)	Autolysins
	D)	All of the above

Answer 18

C

Question 19

The glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) system functions when
	A)	Ammonia levels are low
	B)	Ammonia levels are high
	C)	Nitrate levels are low
	D)	Nitrate levels are high

Answer 19

A

Question 20

The first step in nitrate assimilation is
A) The reduction of nitrate to nitrite
B) The reduction of nitrite to ammonia
C) The reduction of nitrate directly to ammonia
D) None of the above

Answer 20

A

Question 21

The reduction of atmospheric gaseous nitrogen to ammonia is called
	A)	Dissimilatory nitrate reduction
	B)	Assimilatory nitrate reduction
	C)	Nitrogen fixation
	D)	Nitrogen reduction

Answer 21

C

Question 22

Nitrogen fixation occurs in which of the following groups?
A) Free-living chemotrophic bacteria and archaea
B) Bacteria living in symbiotic associations with plants
C) Cyanobacteria
D) All of the above

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Sulfur can be obtained from
	A)	The amino acids cysteine and methionine
	B)	Nucleic acids
	C)	Carbohydrates
	D)	Lipids

Answer 23

A

Question 24

This type of reaction is used to ensure an adequate supply of TCA-cycle generated precursor metabolites is always available in the cell.
	A)	Amphibolic reaction
	B)	Catabolic reaction
	C)	Anaplerotic reaction
	D)	None of the above

Answer 24

C

Question 25

A cofactor involved in catalyzing carboxylation reactions is called
	A)	Biotin
	B)	Iron
	C)	Oxaloacetate
	D)	All of the above

Answer 25

A

Question 26

Inorganic phosphate is incorporated through the formation of ATP via
	A)	Photophosphorylation
	B)	Oxidative phosphorylation
	C)	Substrate-level phosphorylation
	D)	All of the above

Answer 26

D

Question 27

The synthesis of purines begins with
	A)	Glucose
	B)	Glucose 6-phosphate
	C)	Ribose 5-phosphate
	D)	Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate

Answer 27

C

Question 28

The cofactor \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is important to purine biosynthesis.
	A)	Biotin
	B)	Folic acid
	C)	Iron
	D)	All of the above

Answer 28

B

Question 29

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ biosynthesis begins with aspartic acid and carbamoyl phosphate.
	A)	Purine
	B)	Pyrimidine
	C)	Carbohydrate
	D)	Peptidoglycan

Answer 29

B

Question 30

In fatty acid synthesis,
A) Carbons are added two at a time to the end of a growing chain
B) Carbohydrates are precursors
C) Begins with aspartic acid and carbamoyl phosphate
D) None of the above

Answer 30

A