Chapter 17 Keywords

Question 1

To make identical copies of a DNA sequence

Answer 1

Cloning

Question 2

The process by which human diseases are treated or
potentially cured by the introduction of a gene(s) that
encodes the gene product(s) that is either missing or
mutated in the cells affected by the pathological
condition

Answer 2

Gene therapy

Question 3

Cells derived from an early embryo that are
pluripotent; that is, they are capable of differentiating
into any cell type

Answer 3

embryonic stem cell

Question 4

A short, labeled nucleic acid segment complementary
in base sequence to part of another nucleic acid,
which is used to identify or isolate the particular
nucleic acid from a mixture through its ability to bind
specifically with the target nucleic acid

Answer 4

probe

Question 5

The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or
yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to
perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes

Answer 5

biotechnology

Question 6

a technique for separating DNA molecules of varying
sizes by moving them through a block of agarose by
means of an electric field, with smaller molecules
moving faster and therefore farther than larger ones

Answer 6

gel electrophoresis

Question 7

An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that uses a viral

RNA genome as a template to synthesize a DNA copy

Answer 7

reverse transcriptase

Question 8

Enzymes produced by host cells that cleave virus
DNA at specific points and thus protect the cell from
virus infection; they are used in carrying out genetic
engineering

Answer 8

restriction enzyme

Question 9

producing a radiograph by means of the radiation

emitted from the specimen being photographed

Answer 9

auto radiography

Question 10

technique used to synthesize large quantities of
specific nucleotide sequences from small amounts of
DNA

Answer 10

polymerase chain reaction

Question 11

A DNA copy of an RNA molecule

Answer 11

Complimentary DNA