Chapter 11 Keywords Flashcards
The rotating enzyme complex that couples ATP production to the flow of
hydrogen ions.
Atpsynthase
A series of electron carriers that operate together to transfer electrons from
donors such as NADH and FADH2 to acceptors such as oxygen.
Electron Transport chain
The oxidative process occurring within living cells by which the chemical
energy of organic molecules is released in a series of metabolic steps involving
the consumption of oxygen and the liberation of carbon dioxide and water.
Respiration
An organism that manufactures its own food through chemosynthesis (the
oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds) as opposed to photosynthesis
Chemotrophs
An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex
organic substances for nutrition
Heterotrophs
Respiration in which molecular oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide and
water are produced.
Aerobic respiration
An ATP-generating metabolic process that occurs in nearly all living cells in
which glucose is converted in a series of steps to pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
the generation of ATP by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane
during cellular respiration.
Chemiosmotic hypothesis
Respiration in which molecular oxygen is not consumed.
Anaerobic respiration
The process in green plants and certain other organisms by which
carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an
energy source.
Photosynthesis
the acetylated form of coenzyme A, formed as an intermediate in the oxidation
of carbohydrates, fats, and protein in animal metabolism.
Acetylcoa
The process in cell metabolism by which enzymes synthesize ATP from ADP
and inorganic phosphate in a biochemical pathway.
Substrate level phosphory lation
An organism that manufactures its own food from inorganic substances using
light for energy.
Photo Trophs
The process in cell metabolism by which respiratory enzymes in the
mitochondria synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during the
oxidation of NADH by molecular oxygen.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
A series of enzymatic reactions in aerobic organisms involving oxidative
metabolism of acetyl units and producing high-energy phosphate compounds,
which serve as the main source of cellular energy.
Citric acid cycle
