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Microbiology > Micro Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Micro Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q 
The oxidation of organic matter followed by the release of electrons to an electron transport chain is called
	A)	Fermentation
	B)	Respiration
	C)	Photosynthesis
	D)	Nitrogen fixation
A

B

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2
Q 
In aerobic respiration, which molecule can serve as the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
	A)	Nitrate
	B)	Sulfate
	C)	Oxygen
	D)	All of the above
A

C

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3
Q 
In anaerobic respiration, which molecule can serve as the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
	A)	Nitrate
	B)	Oxygen
	C)	Cytochrome c
	D)	All of the above
A

A

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4
Q 
In the ETC, which type of potential energy can drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi?
	A)	ETC energy
	B)	Proton motive force
	C)	Substrate level phosphorylation
	D)	All of the above
A

B

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5
Q

Which of the following is true of fermentation?
A) Generates ATP via substrate level phosphorylation
B) Uses an endogenous electron acceptor
C) Does not involve an electron transport chain
D) All of the above

A

D

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6
Q

Glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle are important metabolic pathways because
A) The product of one reaction serves as the substrate for the next
B) They are involved in both catabolism and anabolism
C) They supply material needed for biosynthesis
D) All of the above

A

D

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7
Q

Amphibolic metabolic pathways
A) Breakdown molecules
B) Synthesis molecules
C) Both synthesize and breakdown molecules
D) Neither synthesize nor breakdown molecules

A

C

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8
Q 
A metabolic pathway that can completely catabolize an organic energy source to CO2 using the glycolytic pathways and TCA cycle with O2 as the terminal electron acceptor for an ETC is called
	A)	Fermentation
	B)	Aerobic respiration
	C)	Anaerobic respiration
	D)	All of the above
A

B

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9
Q 
Which of the following is a metabolic pathway used to catabolize glucose to pyruvate?
	A)	The Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
	B)	The Entner-Doudoroff pathway
	C)	The pentose phosphate pathway
	D)	All of the above
A

D

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10
Q 
The most common pathway for degradation of glucose to pyruvate is
	A)	The Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
	B)	The Entner-Doudoroff pathway
	C)	The pentose phosphate pathway
	D)	None of the above
A

A

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11
Q 
The Embden-Meyeroff pathway of glucose metabolism occurs in the
	A)	Mitochondria
	B)	Nucleus
	C)	Cytoplasm
	D)	Plasma membrane
A

C

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12
Q

The first phase of the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway involves
A) Expenditure of energy
B) Breakdown down a 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules
C) Adding phosphates to each end of the sugar
D) All of the above

A

D

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13
Q 
In the 3-carbon phase of the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
	A)	Energy is released
	B)	NADH and ATP are formed
	C)	A 6-carbon sugar is formed
	D)	All of the above
A

B

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14
Q 
The final product of the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway is
	A)	Glucose
	B)	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
	C)	Pyruvate
	D)	Carbon dioxide
A

C

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15
Q

The Embden-Meyerhoff pathway uses which of the following mechanisms to produce ATP?
A) Proton motive force
B) Substrate-level phosphorylation
C) Both proton motive force and substrate-level phosphorylation
D) Neither proton motive force nor substrate-level phosphorylation

A

B

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16
Q 
The net yield of ATP from one glucose molecule in the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway is
	A)	2 ATP
	B)	4 ATP
	C)	6 ATP
	D)	36 ATP
A

B

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17
Q 
The glycolytic pathway utilized by some soil bacteria (including Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Agrobacterium) and some gram-negative bacteria is
	A)	The Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
	B)	The Entner-Doudoroff pathway
	C)	The pentose phosphate pathway
	D)	Nitrogen fixation
A

B

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18
Q

The first phase of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway yields
A) Two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
B) Two molecules of pyruvate
C) One molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and one molecule of pyruvate
D) One molecule of glucose

A

C

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19
Q

Which of the following is true of the pentose phosphate pathway?
A) It can operate aerobically or anaerobically
B) It is important to catabolism and anabolism
C) It is used by all organisms
D) All of the above

A

D

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20
Q

The pentose phosphate pathway is important because
A) The NADPH produced serves as a source of electrons for the ETC
B) The molecules produced are precursors to amino acids and nucleic acids
C) The molecular intermediates may be used to produce ATP
D) All of the above

A

D

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21
Q 
Which enzyme links glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle?
	A)	Transketolase
	B)	The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
	C)	Glucose 6-phosphatase
	D)	None of the above
A

B

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22
Q 
Which products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle transfer electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC)?
	A)	ATP and UTP
	B)	FMN and NADPH
	C)	NADH and FADH2
	D)	All of the above
A

C

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23
Q 
The oxidation of glucose yields
	A)	One molecule of CO2
	B)	Two molecules of CO2
	C)	Four molecules of CO2
	D)	Six molecules of CO2
A

D

24
Q

Which of the following is true of the electron transport chain?
A) The reduction potential of electron carriers become more positive throughout the chain
B) The reduction potential of electron carriers become more negative throughout the chain
C) Electron carriers are only used once and then degraded
D) ATP is generated via substrate-level phosphorylation

A

A

25
Q 
In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain (ETC) resides in the
	A)	Cytoplasm
	B)	Plasma membrane
	C)	Mitochondrial membrane
	D)	Nucleus
A

C

26
Q 
In bacterial and archaeal cells, the electron transport chain (ETC) resides in the
	A)	Cytoplasm
	B)	Plasma membrane
	C)	Mitochondrial membrane
	D)	Nucleus
A

B

27
Q

How do bacterial and archaeal electron transport chains (ETC) differ from eukaryotic ETCs?
A) They are located in the plasma membrane
B) They are shorter in length
C) They can be branched
D) All of the above

A

D

28
Q

When oxygen levels are reduced, E. coli utilize the b branch of their electron transport chain (ETC) because
A) This branch produces more energy
B) This branch has a higher affinity for oxygen
C) This branch uses another final electron acceptor other than O2
D) All of the above

A

B

29
Q

According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis
A) Protons move into the mitochondrial matrix as electrons are transported down the chain
B) Electrons move into the mitochondrial matrix.
C) Electrons move out of the mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm
D) None of the above

A

A

30
Q

Proton motive force produced by the electron transport chain (ETC) can be used to
A) Phosphorylate ATP
B) Actively transport molecules across the plasma membrane
C) Facilitate bacterial flagella rotation
D) All of the above

A

D

31
Q 
Which of the following molecules has the greatest P/O ratio?
	A)	NADH
	B)	FADH2
	C)	FMN
	D)	None of the above
A

A

32
Q 
The maximum of \_\_\_\_\_\_ ATP molecules are generated during aerobic respiration of glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation.
	A)	1
	B)	4
	C)	16
	D)	32
A

B

33
Q 
The maximum of \_\_\_\_\_\_ ATP molecules are generated during aerobic respiration of glucose by oxidative phosphorylation.
	A)	1
	B)	4
	C)	16
	D)	28
A

D

34
Q 
The maximum theoretical ATP yield from aerobic respiration and oxidation of one molecule of glucose is
	A)	28
	B)	32
	C)	36
	D)	40
A

B

35
Q 
Under anoxic conditions, Paracoccus denitrificans uses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as a final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC).
	A)	Pyruvate
	B)	Oxygen
	C)	Nitrate
	D)	Sulfate
A

C

36
Q

Which of the following is true of dissimilatory nitrate reduction?
A) It utilizes oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC)
B) It is an aerobic process
C) It reduces the amount of nitrate available to the cell
D) All of the above

A

C

37
Q 
Which metabolic process is most efficient?
	A)	Fermentation
	B)	Aerobic respiration
	C)	Anaerobic respiration
	D)	Dissimilatory nitrate reduction
A

B

38
Q

Many microbes can use fermentive metabolism when
A) They lack an electron transport chain (ETC)
B) The environment lacks appropriate electron acceptors
C) They repress the synthesis of ETC components under anoxic conditions
D) All of the above

A

D

39
Q 
Which of the following is a final product of a fermentative pathway?
	A)	Lactate
	B)	Pyruvate
	C)	Glucose
	D)	NADH
A

A

40
Q 
The most common type of fermentation in which pyruvate is reduced to lactate is called
	A)	Lactic acid fermentation
	B)	Alcoholic fermentation
	C)	Butanediol fermentation
	D)	Mixed acid fermentation
A

A

41
Q 
The making of beer and wine is facilitated by
	A)	Lactic acid fermenters
	B)	Alcohol fermenters
	C)	Mixed acid fermenters
	D)	Butanediol fermenters
A

B

42
Q 
Polysaccharides and disaccharides are split in a process called
	A)	Glycosidic bonding
	B)	Phosphorolysis
	C)	Glycolysis
	D)	None of the above
A

B

43
Q 
Glycogen and starch are degraded by
	A)	Hydrolases
	B)	ATP synthase
	C)	Phosphorylases
	D)	All of the above
A

C

44
Q 
Fatty acids from triglycerides and other lipids are often oxidized by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pathway?
	A)	Glycolysis
	B)	Beta-oxidation
	C)	Fermentation
	D)	Chemolithotrophic
A

B

45
Q 
Bacteria and fungi involved in food spoilage breakdown proteins for energy using
	A)	Hydrolases
	B)	Proteases
	C)	Lipases
	D)	Transketolases
A

B

46
Q 
Organisms that obtain energy and electrons from inorganic molecules are
	A)	Chemoorganotrophs
	B)	Chemolithotrophs
	C)	Photoautotrophs
	D)	None of the above
A

B

47
Q 
Microbes with the capability of oxidizing ammonia to nitrate are
	A)	Denitrifiers
	B)	Sulfate reducers
	C)	Nitrifiers
	D)	Dissimilatory nitrate reduction
A

C

48
Q 
The metabolic process in which the electron acceptor is an oxidized nitrogenous compound that is reduced to nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions is called
	A)	Denitrification
	B)	Nitrification
	C)	Dissimilatory nitrate reduction
	D)	All of the above
A

A

49
Q 
Chemolithotrophs utilize \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to overcome the fact that their electron acceptors have more positive reduction potentials.
	A)	Substrate-level phosphorylation
	B)	Reverse electron flow
	C)	Oxidative phosphorylation
	D)	None of the above
A

B

50
Q 
A metabolic process that uses light energy to reduce CO2 and incorporate it into organic molecules is called
	A)	Chemolithotrophy
	B)	Photosynthesis
	C)	Chemoorganoheterotrophy
	D)	None of the above
A

B

51
Q 
Chlorophylls absorb light in what regions?
	A)	Green range only
	B)	Blue and red ranges
	C)	Green and blue ranges
	D)	Red range only
A

B

52
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a pigment that absorbs light to drive proton motive force directly.
	A)	Chlorophyll
	B)	Phycobiliprotein
	C)	Rhodopsin
	D)	Carotenoids
A

C

53
Q 
In oxygenic photosynthesis, which photosystem absorbs the longest wavelengths of light?
	A)	Photosystem I
	B)	Photosystem II
	C)	Photosystem III
	D)	All of the above
A

A

54
Q 
The site of photosynthesis in plants and algae is the
	A)	Mitochondrion
	B)	Cytoplasm
	C)	Plasma membrane
	D)	Chloroplast
A

D

55
Q 
In \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ molecules other than water are used as an electron source and no oxygen is produced.
	A)	Oxygenic photosynthesis
	B)	Anoxygenic photosynthesis
	C)	Aerobic respiration
	D)	Oxidative phosphorylation
A

B

56
Q 
Bacteriorhodopsin-based phototrophy is used by ocean microbes in which of the following conditions?
	A)	Aerobic
	B)	Anoxic
	C)	Low light
	D)	None of the above
A

B

Microbiology (42 decks)

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