Chapter 13 Keywords Flashcards
Enzyme that uses ATP energy to unwind DNA ahead
of the replication fork
Helicase
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that directs
the incorporation of an amino acid during protein
synthesis
Codon
The region on DNA at the start of a gene that the RNA
polymerase binds to before beginning transcription
Promoter
The process by which the genetic message carried
by mRNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides with
the aid of ribosomes and other cell constituents
Translation
An enzyme that joins two DNA fragments together
through the formation of a new phosphodiester bond
DNA Ligase
The base triplet on a tRNA that is complementary to
the triplet codon on mRNA
Anticodon
The process in which an exact copy of parental DNA
is made with the parental molecule serving as a
template
Replication
class of RNA molecules that transport amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide undergoing synthesis
TRNA
The newly synthesized DNA strand that is oriented
toward the replication fork and is made continuously
Leading Strand
The form of RNA that mediates the transfer of genetic
information from the cell nucleus to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein
synthesis
MRNA
The newly synthesized DNA strand that is oriented
away from the replication fork and is made in small
fragments that are later joined together
Lagging Steand
The RNA that is the structural and catalytic part of a
ribosome
RRNA
The process in which single-stranded RNA with a
base sequence complementary to the template strand
of DNA is synthesized
Transcription
A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that
occupies a specific location on a chromosome and
determines a particular characteristic in an organism
Gene
enzyme that functions in the replication of DNA by
catalyzing the linking of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and
dTTP in a specific order, using single-stranded DNA
as a template
DNA polymerase
