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ABS > Micro 5- Fungi > Flashcards

Micro 5- Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

what do chemoheterotrophs do?

A

decompose organic matter

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2
Q

eukaryotic fungi have what in their cell walls

A

chitin

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3
Q

what is present in fungi cell membrane that isn’t present in bacteria

A

sterols

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4
Q

what type of metabolism is fungi limited to

A

heterotrophic, aerobic, facultatively anaerobic

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5
Q

what is the thallus and what does it consist of

A

it is the body of the fungus and consists of hyphae filaments

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6
Q

a mass of hyphae is called a

A

mycelium

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7
Q

septate hyphae vs. coenocytic hyphae

A

septate- contains cross-walls

coenocytic- does not contain septa

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8
Q

vegitative vs. aerial hyphae

A

vegitative hyphae obtain nutrients while aerial hyphae are involved with reproduction

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9
Q

main properties of yeasts

A
  • nonfilamentous and unicellular

- typically spherical or oval

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10
Q

budding yeasts vs. fission yeasts

A

budding yeasts divide unevenly

fission yeasts divide evenly and produce a colony on solid medium

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11
Q

example of budding yeasts and fission yeasts

A
  • budding- candida albicans

- fission- schizosaccharomyces

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12
Q

what is dimorphic fungi and what are the conditions for each type

A

two forms of growth, can grow as a mold or a yeast

  1. yeast-like at 37, in body, more nutrients, reproduce by budding
  2. mold-like at 25, in environment, fewer nutrients, produce vegetative and aerial hyphae
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13
Q

explain the fungi life cycle

A

fungi reproduce sexually and asexually via the formation of spore that detach from the parent and germinate into a new mold

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14
Q

asexual spores are produced via

A

mitosis and cell division, formed by the hyphae of one organism
-both conidiospore and sporangiospore

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15
Q

conidiospore vs. sporangiospore

A

both asexual spores
conidiospore is not enclosed in a sac
sporangiospore is enclosed in a sac

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16
Q

sexual spores occur from the

A

fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strands

17
Q

list 3 phases of sexual spores

A
  1. plasmogamy
  2. karyogamy
  3. meiosis
18
Q

sexual spores sexual reproduction step 1

plasmogamy

A

haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)

19
Q

sexual spores sexual reproduction step 2

karyogamy

A

+ and - nuclei fuse and form diploid zygote

20
Q

sexual spores sexual reproduction step 3

meiosis

A

diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)

21
Q

nutritional adaptations of fungi

A
  • grow better at pH of 5
  • grow in high sugar and salt concentration, resistant to osmotic pressure
  • can grow in low moisture content
  • can metabolize complex carbohydrates
22
Q

mycosis

A

fungal infection

23
Q

list of types of mycoses

A
  • systemic
  • subcutaneous
  • cutaneous
  • superficial
  • opportunistic
24
Q

systemic mycoses

A
  • deep within the body
  • caused by fungi that live in soil
  • spores transmitted by inhalation
  • infections begin in lungs and then spread to other body tissues
25
Q

examples of systemic mycoses

A
  • histoplasmosis (lower respiratory infection, similar to TB)
  • coccidioidomycosis (valley fever, San Joaquin, in soil)
26
Q

subcutaneous mycoses

A
  • beneath the skin
  • caused by fungi that live in soil and on vegetation
  • forms small ulcers on hands
  • occurs by direct implantation of spores or mycelial fragments into a puncture wound in the skin
27
Q

example of subcutaneous mycoses

A

sporotrichosis- acquired by gardeners and farmers

28
Q

cutaneous mycoses

also called dermatomycoses

A
  • affect hair, epidermis, and nails
  • caused by dermatophytes that secrete keratinous
  • transmitted by direct contact or contact with infected hairs and epidermal cells
29
Q

examples of cutaneous mycoses

A

-tineas or ringworm (tinea barbae)

tinea pedis, athletes foot

30
Q

opportunistic mycoses

A

-fungi harmless in normal habitat but pathogenic in a compromised host

31
Q

list of 3 types of opportunistic mycoses

A
  1. pneumocystis
  2. mucormycosis
  3. aspergillosis
32
Q

pneumocystis

A

opportunistic mycoses

-most common life-threatening infection in AIDS patients

33
Q

mucormycosis

A

opportunistic mycoses

-in patients with diabetes mellitus, leukemia or under treatment with immunosuppressive drugs

34
Q

aspergillosis

A

opportunistic mycoses

-in patients with debilitating lung diseases or cancer

35
Q

superficial mycoses

A
  • localized along hair shafts and in superficial (surface) epidermal cells
  • prevalent in tropical climates
36
Q

yeast infections, candidiasis

A
  • candida albicans most frequent

- from pseudohyphae, resistant to phagocytosis

ABS (31 decks)

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