Micro 5- Fungi

Question 1

what do chemoheterotrophs do?

Answer 1

decompose organic matter

Question 2

eukaryotic fungi have what in their cell walls

Answer 2

chitin

Question 3

what is present in fungi cell membrane that isn’t present in bacteria

Answer 3

sterols

Question 4

what type of metabolism is fungi limited to

Answer 4

heterotrophic, aerobic, facultatively anaerobic

Question 5

what is the thallus and what does it consist of

Answer 5

it is the body of the fungus and consists of hyphae filaments

Question 6

a mass of hyphae is called a

Answer 6

mycelium

Question 7

septate hyphae vs. coenocytic hyphae

Answer 7

septate- contains cross-walls

coenocytic- does not contain septa

Question 8

vegitative vs. aerial hyphae

Answer 8

vegitative hyphae obtain nutrients while aerial hyphae are involved with reproduction

Question 9

main properties of yeasts

Answer 9

• nonfilamentous and unicellular

- typically spherical or oval

Question 10

budding yeasts vs. fission yeasts

Answer 10

budding yeasts divide unevenly

fission yeasts divide evenly and produce a colony on solid medium

Question 11

example of budding yeasts and fission yeasts

Answer 11

• budding- candida albicans

- fission- schizosaccharomyces

Question 12

what is dimorphic fungi and what are the conditions for each type

Answer 12

two forms of growth, can grow as a mold or a yeast

1. yeast-like at 37, in body, more nutrients, reproduce by budding
2. mold-like at 25, in environment, fewer nutrients, produce vegetative and aerial hyphae

Question 13

explain the fungi life cycle

Answer 13

fungi reproduce sexually and asexually via the formation of spore that detach from the parent and germinate into a new mold

Question 14

asexual spores are produced via

Answer 14

mitosis and cell division, formed by the hyphae of one organism
-both conidiospore and sporangiospore

Question 15

conidiospore vs. sporangiospore

Answer 15

both asexual spores
conidiospore is not enclosed in a sac
sporangiospore is enclosed in a sac

Question 16

sexual spores occur from the

Answer 16

fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strands

Question 17

list 3 phases of sexual spores

Answer 17

1. plasmogamy
2. karyogamy
3. meiosis

Question 18

sexual spores sexual reproduction step 1

plasmogamy

Answer 18

haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)

Question 19

sexual spores sexual reproduction step 2

karyogamy

Answer 19

+ and - nuclei fuse and form diploid zygote

Question 20

sexual spores sexual reproduction step 3

meiosis

Answer 20

diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)

Question 21

nutritional adaptations of fungi

Answer 21

• grow better at pH of 5
• grow in high sugar and salt concentration, resistant to osmotic pressure
• can grow in low moisture content
• can metabolize complex carbohydrates

Question 22

mycosis

Answer 22

fungal infection

Question 23

list of types of mycoses

Answer 23

• systemic
• subcutaneous
• cutaneous
• superficial
• opportunistic

Question 24

systemic mycoses

Answer 24

• deep within the body
• caused by fungi that live in soil
• spores transmitted by inhalation
• infections begin in lungs and then spread to other body tissues

Question 25

examples of systemic mycoses

Answer 25

- histoplasmosis (lower respiratory infection, similar to TB) - coccidioidomycosis (valley fever, San Joaquin, in soil)

Question 26

subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 26

- beneath the skin - caused by fungi that live in soil and on vegetation - forms small ulcers on hands - occurs by direct implantation of spores or mycelial fragments into a puncture wound in the skin

Question 27

example of subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 27

sporotrichosis- acquired by gardeners and farmers

Question 28

cutaneous mycoses | also called dermatomycoses

Answer 28

- affect hair, epidermis, and nails - caused by dermatophytes that secrete keratinous - transmitted by direct contact or contact with infected hairs and epidermal cells

Question 29

examples of cutaneous mycoses

Answer 29

-tineas or ringworm (tinea barbae) | tinea pedis, athletes foot

Question 30

opportunistic mycoses

Answer 30

-fungi harmless in normal habitat but pathogenic in a compromised host

Question 31

list of 3 types of opportunistic mycoses

Answer 31

1. pneumocystis 2. mucormycosis 3. aspergillosis

Question 32

pneumocystis

Answer 32

opportunistic mycoses | -most common life-threatening infection in AIDS patients

Question 33

mucormycosis

Answer 33

opportunistic mycoses | -in patients with diabetes mellitus, leukemia or under treatment with immunosuppressive drugs

Question 34

aspergillosis

Answer 34

opportunistic mycoses | -in patients with debilitating lung diseases or cancer

Question 35

superficial mycoses

Answer 35

- localized along hair shafts and in superficial (surface) epidermal cells - prevalent in tropical climates

Question 36

yeast infections, candidiasis

Answer 36

- candida albicans most frequent | - from pseudohyphae, resistant to phagocytosis