Micro 1- microbial growth Flashcards

1
Q

list 4 types of reproduction

A
  1. binary fission
  2. budding
  3. sexual reproduction
  4. fragmentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

binary fission

A

DNA is copied and cell divides into two equal cells

  • most common in bacteria
  • asexual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

budding

A

small initial growth that enlarges and then separates

  • yeast most common
  • asexual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sexual reproduction

A
  • requires two opposite mating strains
  • generates diversity
  • individual produced is genetically different from parents
  • eukaryotic organisms (fungi, protozoa)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fragmentation

A

filamentous bacteria break off and initiate growth of new cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

generation time

A

time required for a cell to divide and its population to double (20 minutes to 24 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

binary fission and generation time

A

binary fission doubles the number of cells each generation
total number of cells = 2^(number of generations)
-growth curves are represented logarithmically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 phases of growth

A
  1. lag phase
  2. log phase
  3. stationary phase
  4. death phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lag phase

A

intense activity preparing for population growth but no increase in population
-no cell division, prep for growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

log phase

A

logarithmic or exponential increase in population

note very rapid growth makes bacterial cells more permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stationary phase

A

period of equilibrium, microbial deaths balance production of new cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

death phase

A

population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in what phase is bacteria most susceptible to chemical agents

A

log (exponential) phase

  • because cell wall is not effective barrier at this stage (more permeable and allows for passage of molecules)
  • antibiotics take advantage of this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

physical requirements for growth (3)

A
  1. temperature
  2. pH
  3. osmotic pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chemical requirements (5)

A
  1. carbon
  2. nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous
  3. trace elements
  4. organic growth factors
  5. oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

temperature requirements

psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles

A

psychophiles- cold loving

psychrotrophs (room temp loving- food spoiling)

17
Q

pH requirements

A

most bacteria grow between 6.5 and 7.5 pH
(mods and yeasts grow between 5 and 6 pH)
most pathogens are neutrophiles- requiring neutral conditions

18
Q

osmotic pressure requirements

A

hypertonic environments (higher in solutes than inside the cell) cause plasmolysis due to high osmotic pressure

19
Q

extreme/ obligate halophiles

A

require high osmotic pressure (high salt)

20
Q

facultative halophiles

A

tolerate high osmotic pressure

doesn’t need it to survive but can live through it

21
Q

carbon requirements

A
  • structural backbone or organic molecules
  • chemoheterotrophs use organic molecules as energy
  • autotrophs use CO2 (some bacteria, protozoa, and algae)
22
Q

nitrogen requirements

A

component of proteins, DNA, and ATP

-most bacteria decompose protein materia for the nitrogen source

23
Q

sulfur and phosphorus requirements

A

sulfur is used in animo acids, thiamine, and biotin

phosphorus is used in DNA, RNS, and ATP

24
Q

trace element requirements

A
  • inorganic elements required in small amounts
  • used as enzyme cofactors
  • include iron, copper, molybdenum, and zinc
25
organic growth factor requirements
- organic compounds obtained from the environment | - vitamins, amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines
26
obligate aerobes
require oxygen
27
facultative aerobes
grow via fermentation or anaerobic respiration when oxygen is not available
28
obligate anaerobes
unable to use oxygen or are harmed by it
29
aerotolerant anaerobes
tolerate but cannot use oxygen
30
microaerophiles
require oxygen concentration lower than air