Immuno 2

Question 1

lymph vessel muscular movements are to

Answer 1

help move lymph through vessel and return lymph back to blood venous system

Question 2

2/3 of lymph returns to the venous system via

Answer 2

a duct in the Left upper chest (thorax)

Question 3

1/3 of the lymph returns to the venous system via

Answer 3

a duct in the Right upper chest (thorax)

Question 4

are lymph nodes an organ?

Answer 4

yes, they are encapsulated with specific parts

Question 5

first lymph node on a route encounters

Answer 5

-pathogen (invaders) themselves
-B and T lymphocytes
(invaders and key players of immune system connecting here)

Question 6

what is the eye disease EKC?

Answer 6

epidermic keratoconjunctivitis

affects conjunctiva and cornea

Question 7

how do pre auricular nodes relate to diagnosis of EKC?

Answer 7

palpating the pre auricular nodes (in front of the ears) may be swollen or sore
(the drainage of the eye goes to this lymph node first)

Question 8

what are the two conditions of viral infection

Answer 8

• virus is in interstitial fluid, floating around, and an easy target
• virus is in cell and using host cell machinery

Question 9

viral infection inside the cell has a _____ response activated

Answer 9

cellular

Question 10

examples of cellular response with virus inside cell

Answer 10

• tumor (changed cell with antigen presenting)

- transplant rejection (foreign cells in body)

Question 11

bacterial or viral infection outside of cell has _____ response activated

Answer 11

humoral

Question 12

immune cell, lymphocyte, involved with cellular response

Answer 12

T lymphocyte

Question 13

immune cell, lymphocyte, involved with humoral response

Answer 13

B lymphocyte

Question 14

when is it determined that a lymphocyte will become a B or T cell?

Answer 14

predetermined during embryonic development, certain number of each one is pre-programmed

Question 15

precursor cells for B/T lymphocytes are ____ cells found where?

Answer 15

stem cells found in the blood forming stem cells in the embryo

Question 16

organ involved in processing during embryonic development for B cells

Answer 16

bursal equivalent cells

named after Bursa of Fabricius in chicken

Question 17

organ involved in processing during embryonic development of T cells

Answer 17

thymus (larger as a child, and disappears as an adult)

-thymus is found in chest behind sternum in midline

Question 18

for B lymphocytes, where do cells migrate to from the bursal equivalent cells

Answer 18

they migrate to peripheral sites in lymph nodes

Question 19

where do B cells migrate to in the lymph node

Answer 19

cortical follicles

outside cortex

Question 20

gearing up of the immune system to produce the B cells is called

Answer 20

clonal selection

Question 21

how is clonal selection triggered?

Answer 21

BCR (B cell receptor) test batch of antibodies on the surface are looking for antigens they can hook up to
-if B cell comes upon antigen and binds to it, you start process that triggers B cells

Question 22

what occurs in clonal selection when B cells are triggered and how many antibodies /week could they make ?

Answer 22

B cells that are triggered double in size and start dividing (proliferation)
could produce 20,000 B cells/ week

Question 23

the activated B cells that are proliferated and activated are now called

Answer 23

plasma cells

Question 24

where do plasma cells go and how fast can they make antibodies ?

Answer 24

they go to the site of infection and produce about 2,000 antibodies/ second there

Question 25

how long is the plasma cell lifespan

Answer 25

they don’t divide and last for about a week

Question 26

processed T cell is called a

Answer 26

competent cell (ready to be part of immune system)

Question 27

where do competent T cells migrate to in the lymph nodes

Answer 27

paracortical area (just inside cortex) of lymph nodes

Question 28

list 3 types of T cells based on function

Answer 28

1. killer
2. helper
3. regulatory

Question 29

killer T cells

Answer 29

cytotoxic lymphocytes (CDL)
-encounter cells with virus in it, and respond by destroying that cell

Question 30

helper T cells

Answer 30

(TH) “quarterback” cell of adaptive system that secretes cytokines that help coordinate the response

Question 31

regulatory T cells

Answer 31

not much know, but thought that it regulates there response

Question 32

2 types of T cells based on biochemical markers

Answer 32

• T4 (CTLs)

- T8 (TH)