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ABS > Micro 1- microorganisms > Flashcards

Micro 1- microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q

pathogen

A

microbe that can cause damage or disease

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2
Q

disease

A

abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal functions
(symptoms)

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3
Q

infection

A

invasion or colonization of the body by pathogens

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4
Q

infecious disease

A

diseases caused by microorganisms, generally can spread

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5
Q

infection without disease

A

normal microbiota or flora

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6
Q

types of microorganisms (7)

A
  1. bacteria
  2. archaea
  3. fungi
  4. protozoa
  5. algae
  6. viruses
  7. multicellular animal parasites
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7
Q

health care associated infections (HAI)

A

nosocomial infections you get being at a hospital

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8
Q

opportunistic infections

A

occurs when patient becomes susceptible or compromised

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9
Q

disease without infection

A

physical trauma, cancer, sunburn

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10
Q

bacteria are classified as

A
  • prokaryotes

- unicellular

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11
Q

bacterial cell wall

A

peptidoglycan cell wall

sugar based, tough, protection

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12
Q

bacteria divide via

A

binary fission

asexual reproduction

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13
Q

bacteria derive nutrition from

A

organic or inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis

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14
Q

archaea are classified as

A

prokaryotes, unicellular

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15
Q

archaea cell wall

A

lack peptidoglycan cell wall

no cell wall

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16
Q

archaea

methanogens

A

live in high concentration of methane gas

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17
Q

archaea

extreme halophiles

A

extreme salt environments

18
Q

archaea

extreme thermophiles

A

high temperature

19
Q

fungi are classified as ____

uni or multi cellular?

A

eukaryotes
unicellular- yeasts
multicellular- molds/mushrooms

20
Q

study of fungi

A

mycology

21
Q

protozoa are classified as

A

unicellular eukaryotes

22
Q

how do protozoa get their energy

A

absorb or ingest organic chemicals

they can be free living or parasitic (derive nutrients from a living host)

23
Q

how can protozoa be motile

A

pseudopods- “false feet”- amoeba
cilia- movement of foot in front
flagella- aid in movement (longer/stronger than cilia)

24
Q

what are algae classified as

A

eukaryotes

25
Q

cell walls of algae

A

cellulose cell walls

large polymer of glucose sugar

26
Q

where are algae found and how do they get energy

A

found in freshwater, saltwater, and soil
-use photosynthesis for energy
(produce oxygen and carbohydrates)

27
Q

what are viruses classified as

A

acellular (no cell associated)

28
Q

what are viruses made of

A
  • consist of a DNA or RNA core
  • the core is surrounded by a protein coat
  • coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
29
Q

how do viruses replicate

A

are replicated only when they are in a living host cell

they are inert outside living hosts-dormant

30
Q

how are multicellular animal parasites defined

A

eukaryotes- multicellular animals

not strictly microorganisms (but have some microscopic stages in their life cycles)

31
Q

examples of multicellular animal parasites

A

parasitic flatworms (platyhelminthes) and roundworms (nematodes)- helminths

32
Q

helminthology

A

study of multicellular animal parasites

33
Q

prion stands for:

A

proteinaceous infectious particles

34
Q

how do prions infect

A

inherited and transmittable by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments

35
Q

PrPc

PrPSc

A

PrPc= normal cellular prion protein, on cell surface
PrPSc= scrapie protein, accumulates in brain cells, forming plaques
(misfolded protein causes this)

36
Q

hoe does a prion cause an infectious disease

A

same amino acid sequence, but different folding

can “infect” and affect normal folded protein and cause it to misfold too

37
Q

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE)

A

animals: BSE “mad cow disease”, scrapes in goat/sheep, wasting disease in deer/elk
humans: Kuru, creutzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-straussler-scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia

38
Q

HAI facts (healthcare associated infections)

A

1 in 25 hospital patients and can result from microorganisms in the hospital environment, weakened status of the host, or chain of transmission in a hospital

39
Q

biofilms are

A

microbes attach to solid surfaces and grow into masses

40
Q

here do biofilms grow and how do they cause infections

A
  • grow on rocks, pipes, teeth, and medical implants

- can cause infections and are often resistant to antibiotics

ABS (31 decks)

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