Micro 1- microorganisms Flashcards
pathogen
microbe that can cause damage or disease
disease
abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal functions
(symptoms)
infection
invasion or colonization of the body by pathogens
infecious disease
diseases caused by microorganisms, generally can spread
infection without disease
normal microbiota or flora
types of microorganisms (7)
- bacteria
- archaea
- fungi
- protozoa
- algae
- viruses
- multicellular animal parasites
health care associated infections (HAI)
nosocomial infections you get being at a hospital
opportunistic infections
occurs when patient becomes susceptible or compromised
disease without infection
physical trauma, cancer, sunburn
bacteria are classified as
- prokaryotes
- unicellular
bacterial cell wall
peptidoglycan cell wall
sugar based, tough, protection
bacteria divide via
binary fission
asexual reproduction
bacteria derive nutrition from
organic or inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis
archaea are classified as
prokaryotes, unicellular
archaea cell wall
lack peptidoglycan cell wall
no cell wall
archaea
methanogens
live in high concentration of methane gas
archaea
extreme halophiles
extreme salt environments
archaea
extreme thermophiles
high temperature
fungi are classified as ____
uni or multi cellular?
eukaryotes
unicellular- yeasts
multicellular- molds/mushrooms
study of fungi
mycology
protozoa are classified as
unicellular eukaryotes
how do protozoa get their energy
absorb or ingest organic chemicals
they can be free living or parasitic (derive nutrients from a living host)
how can protozoa be motile
pseudopods- “false feet”- amoeba
cilia- movement of foot in front
flagella- aid in movement (longer/stronger than cilia)
what are algae classified as
eukaryotes
cell walls of algae
cellulose cell walls
large polymer of glucose sugar
where are algae found and how do they get energy
found in freshwater, saltwater, and soil
-use photosynthesis for energy
(produce oxygen and carbohydrates)
what are viruses classified as
acellular (no cell associated)
what are viruses made of
- consist of a DNA or RNA core
- the core is surrounded by a protein coat
- coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
how do viruses replicate
are replicated only when they are in a living host cell
they are inert outside living hosts-dormant
how are multicellular animal parasites defined
eukaryotes- multicellular animals
not strictly microorganisms (but have some microscopic stages in their life cycles)
examples of multicellular animal parasites
parasitic flatworms (platyhelminthes) and roundworms (nematodes)- helminths
helminthology
study of multicellular animal parasites
prion stands for:
proteinaceous infectious particles
how do prions infect
inherited and transmittable by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments
PrPc
PrPSc
PrPc= normal cellular prion protein, on cell surface
PrPSc= scrapie protein, accumulates in brain cells, forming plaques
(misfolded protein causes this)
hoe does a prion cause an infectious disease
same amino acid sequence, but different folding
can “infect” and affect normal folded protein and cause it to misfold too
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE)
animals: BSE “mad cow disease”, scrapes in goat/sheep, wasting disease in deer/elk
humans: Kuru, creutzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-straussler-scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia
HAI facts (healthcare associated infections)
1 in 25 hospital patients and can result from microorganisms in the hospital environment, weakened status of the host, or chain of transmission in a hospital
biofilms are
microbes attach to solid surfaces and grow into masses
here do biofilms grow and how do they cause infections
- grow on rocks, pipes, teeth, and medical implants
- can cause infections and are often resistant to antibiotics
