Micro 1- microorganisms

Question 1

pathogen

Answer 1

microbe that can cause damage or disease

Question 2

disease

Answer 2

abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal functions
(symptoms)

Question 3

infection

Answer 3

invasion or colonization of the body by pathogens

Question 4

infecious disease

Answer 4

diseases caused by microorganisms, generally can spread

Question 5

infection without disease

Answer 5

normal microbiota or flora

Question 6

types of microorganisms (7)

Answer 6

1. bacteria
2. archaea
3. fungi
4. protozoa
5. algae
6. viruses
7. multicellular animal parasites

Question 7

health care associated infections (HAI)

Answer 7

nosocomial infections you get being at a hospital

Question 8

opportunistic infections

Answer 8

occurs when patient becomes susceptible or compromised

Question 9

disease without infection

Answer 9

physical trauma, cancer, sunburn

Question 10

bacteria are classified as

Answer 10

• prokaryotes

- unicellular

Question 11

bacterial cell wall

Answer 11

peptidoglycan cell wall

sugar based, tough, protection

Question 12

bacteria divide via

Answer 12

binary fission

asexual reproduction

Question 13

bacteria derive nutrition from

Answer 13

organic or inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis

Question 14

archaea are classified as

Answer 14

prokaryotes, unicellular

Question 15

archaea cell wall

Answer 15

lack peptidoglycan cell wall

no cell wall

Question 16

archaea

methanogens

Answer 16

live in high concentration of methane gas

Question 17

archaea

extreme halophiles

Answer 17

extreme salt environments

Question 18

archaea

extreme thermophiles

Answer 18

high temperature

Question 19

fungi are classified as ____

uni or multi cellular?

Answer 19

eukaryotes
unicellular- yeasts
multicellular- molds/mushrooms

Question 20

study of fungi

Answer 20

mycology

Question 21

protozoa are classified as

Answer 21

unicellular eukaryotes

Question 22

how do protozoa get their energy

Answer 22

absorb or ingest organic chemicals

they can be free living or parasitic (derive nutrients from a living host)

Question 23

how can protozoa be motile

Answer 23

pseudopods- “false feet”- amoeba
cilia- movement of foot in front
flagella- aid in movement (longer/stronger than cilia)

Question 24

what are algae classified as

Answer 24

eukaryotes

Question 25

cell walls of algae

Answer 25

cellulose cell walls | large polymer of glucose sugar

Question 26

where are algae found and how do they get energy

Answer 26

found in freshwater, saltwater, and soil -use photosynthesis for energy (produce oxygen and carbohydrates)

Question 27

what are viruses classified as

Answer 27

acellular (no cell associated)

Question 28

what are viruses made of

Answer 28

- consist of a DNA or RNA core - the core is surrounded by a protein coat - coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope

Question 29

how do viruses replicate

Answer 29

are replicated only when they are in a living host cell | they are inert outside living hosts-dormant

Question 30

how are multicellular animal parasites defined

Answer 30

eukaryotes- multicellular animals | not strictly microorganisms (but have some microscopic stages in their life cycles)

Question 31

examples of multicellular animal parasites

Answer 31

parasitic flatworms (platyhelminthes) and roundworms (nematodes)- helminths

Question 32

helminthology

Answer 32

study of multicellular animal parasites

Question 33

prion stands for:

Answer 33

proteinaceous infectious particles

Question 34

how do prions infect

Answer 34

inherited and transmittable by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments

Question 35

PrPc | PrPSc

Answer 35

PrPc= normal cellular prion protein, on cell surface PrPSc= scrapie protein, accumulates in brain cells, forming plaques (misfolded protein causes this)

Question 36

hoe does a prion cause an infectious disease

Answer 36

same amino acid sequence, but different folding | can "infect" and affect normal folded protein and cause it to misfold too

Question 37

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE)

Answer 37

animals: BSE "mad cow disease", scrapes in goat/sheep, wasting disease in deer/elk humans: Kuru, creutzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-straussler-scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia

Question 38

HAI facts (healthcare associated infections)

Answer 38

1 in 25 hospital patients and can result from microorganisms in the hospital environment, weakened status of the host, or chain of transmission in a hospital

Question 39

biofilms are

Answer 39

microbes attach to solid surfaces and grow into masses

Question 40

here do biofilms grow and how do they cause infections

Answer 40

- grow on rocks, pipes, teeth, and medical implants | - can cause infections and are often resistant to antibiotics