Immuno 1 Flashcards
definition of immunity
ability to resist organisms or toxins that tend to damage tissues and organs
textbook definition of antigen
specific chemical compound in the organism or toxin that causes an immune reaction
structure of an antigen is either
protein, polysaccharide, or nucleic acids
size of antigen
large, macromolecules
what group is on the surface of antigens
radical groups
component of immune system can always recognize them on the surface
what is an antigen radical group
a group of atoms that stays in the same formation no matter what happens to the macromolecule
-a constant feature
2 parts to the human immune system
innate immunity (primitive) adaptive immunity
fundamentals of innate immunity
- directed against primary infection
- does not require prior exposure to the pathogen
- general, first line of defense
list the 6 strategies of innate immunity
- barriers
- macrophage activity
- high vascularity
- flushing
- complement
- natural killer cell
strategies of innate immunity:
-macrophage activity
cells that will invest other cells (invaders), will “shoot” at anything threatening
strategies of innate immunity:
-high vascularity
lots of blood vessels allow macrophages to get there, to protect tissue “supply lines”
strategies of innate immunity:
-complement
once complement is activated, it can punch a hole in cell wall of bacteria
strategies of innate immunity:
-natural killer cell
will kill bacteria, parasites, and virus in infected cell
examples of innate immunity in the eye:
- anatomical barriers (orbit, eyelid, eyelashes)
- flushing (tears)
- vascularity (lots of vessels around and leading to eye)
adaptive immunity requires
prior contact with that antigen
adaptive immunity helps what become more efficient?
-innate immunity efficacy: helps with disposal by flagging and helping with adherence of macrophages
list 2 forms of adaptive immunity
- cellular (cell-mediated)
2. humoral
cell mediated immunity is when
antibodies stay on the surface of that cell that produced the antibodies
-long lasting
example of cell mediated immunity
measles
(if you get it as a kid, you will never get it again)
-lifelong immunity
humoral immunity is when
cells that produce antibodies release those antibodies into the blood stream
-short lived
example of humoral immunity
needing boosters for immunizations such as TD
the active stimulation of adaptive immunity is when
you actually contract the disease or active immunizations and your body makes antibodies
the passive stimulation of adaptive immunity is when
you are given antibodies from another source
example is rattlesnake bite and injection of antibodies against rattlesnake venom
what is unique about vertebrates?
- adaptive immunity
- lymphatic system
- relatively high blood pressure vascular system
important facts about lymphatic vessels
- sealed at one end (blind ended)
- have larger spaces (pores) in between cells of lymphatic vessels than in capillaries
purpose of lymphatic vessels
to collect the fluid pushed out of blood from the capillaries and run it back to blood vascular system
