Immuno 1

Question 1

definition of immunity

Answer 1

ability to resist organisms or toxins that tend to damage tissues and organs

Question 2

textbook definition of antigen

Answer 2

specific chemical compound in the organism or toxin that causes an immune reaction

Question 3

structure of an antigen is either

Answer 3

protein, polysaccharide, or nucleic acids

Question 4

size of antigen

Answer 4

large, macromolecules

Question 5

what group is on the surface of antigens

Answer 5

radical groups

component of immune system can always recognize them on the surface

Question 6

what is an antigen radical group

Answer 6

a group of atoms that stays in the same formation no matter what happens to the macromolecule
-a constant feature

Question 7

2 parts to the human immune system

Answer 7

innate immunity (primitive)
adaptive immunity

Question 8

fundamentals of innate immunity

Answer 8

• directed against primary infection
• does not require prior exposure to the pathogen
• general, first line of defense

Question 9

list the 6 strategies of innate immunity

Answer 9

1. barriers
2. macrophage activity
3. high vascularity
4. flushing
5. complement
6. natural killer cell

Question 10

strategies of innate immunity:

-macrophage activity

Answer 10

cells that will invest other cells (invaders), will “shoot” at anything threatening

Question 11

strategies of innate immunity:

-high vascularity

Answer 11

lots of blood vessels allow macrophages to get there, to protect tissue “supply lines”

Question 12

strategies of innate immunity:

-complement

Answer 12

once complement is activated, it can punch a hole in cell wall of bacteria

Question 13

strategies of innate immunity:

-natural killer cell

Answer 13

will kill bacteria, parasites, and virus in infected cell

Question 14

examples of innate immunity in the eye:

Answer 14

• anatomical barriers (orbit, eyelid, eyelashes)
• flushing (tears)
• vascularity (lots of vessels around and leading to eye)

Question 15

adaptive immunity requires

Answer 15

prior contact with that antigen

Question 16

adaptive immunity helps what become more efficient?

Answer 16

-innate immunity efficacy: helps with disposal by flagging and helping with adherence of macrophages

Question 17

list 2 forms of adaptive immunity

Answer 17

1. cellular (cell-mediated)

2. humoral

Question 18

cell mediated immunity is when

Answer 18

antibodies stay on the surface of that cell that produced the antibodies
-long lasting

Question 19

example of cell mediated immunity

Answer 19

measles
(if you get it as a kid, you will never get it again)
-lifelong immunity

Question 20

humoral immunity is when

Answer 20

cells that produce antibodies release those antibodies into the blood stream
-short lived

Question 21

example of humoral immunity

Answer 21

needing boosters for immunizations such as TD

Question 22

the active stimulation of adaptive immunity is when

Answer 22

you actually contract the disease or active immunizations and your body makes antibodies

Question 23

the passive stimulation of adaptive immunity is when

Answer 23

you are given antibodies from another source

example is rattlesnake bite and injection of antibodies against rattlesnake venom

Question 24

what is unique about vertebrates?

Answer 24

• adaptive immunity
• lymphatic system
• relatively high blood pressure vascular system

Question 25

important facts about lymphatic vessels

Answer 25

• sealed at one end (blind ended)

- have larger spaces (pores) in between cells of lymphatic vessels than in capillaries

Question 26

purpose of lymphatic vessels

Answer 26

to collect the fluid pushed out of blood from the capillaries and run it back to blood vascular system