Immuno 1 Flashcards

1
Q

definition of immunity

A

ability to resist organisms or toxins that tend to damage tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

textbook definition of antigen

A

specific chemical compound in the organism or toxin that causes an immune reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

structure of an antigen is either

A

protein, polysaccharide, or nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

size of antigen

A

large, macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what group is on the surface of antigens

A

radical groups

component of immune system can always recognize them on the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is an antigen radical group

A

a group of atoms that stays in the same formation no matter what happens to the macromolecule
-a constant feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 parts to the human immune system

A
innate immunity (primitive)
adaptive immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fundamentals of innate immunity

A
  • directed against primary infection
  • does not require prior exposure to the pathogen
  • general, first line of defense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the 6 strategies of innate immunity

A
  1. barriers
  2. macrophage activity
  3. high vascularity
  4. flushing
  5. complement
  6. natural killer cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

strategies of innate immunity:

-macrophage activity

A

cells that will invest other cells (invaders), will “shoot” at anything threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

strategies of innate immunity:

-high vascularity

A

lots of blood vessels allow macrophages to get there, to protect tissue “supply lines”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

strategies of innate immunity:

-complement

A

once complement is activated, it can punch a hole in cell wall of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

strategies of innate immunity:

-natural killer cell

A

will kill bacteria, parasites, and virus in infected cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

examples of innate immunity in the eye:

A
  • anatomical barriers (orbit, eyelid, eyelashes)
  • flushing (tears)
  • vascularity (lots of vessels around and leading to eye)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adaptive immunity requires

A

prior contact with that antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adaptive immunity helps what become more efficient?

A

-innate immunity efficacy: helps with disposal by flagging and helping with adherence of macrophages

17
Q

list 2 forms of adaptive immunity

A
  1. cellular (cell-mediated)

2. humoral

18
Q

cell mediated immunity is when

A

antibodies stay on the surface of that cell that produced the antibodies
-long lasting

19
Q

example of cell mediated immunity

A

measles
(if you get it as a kid, you will never get it again)
-lifelong immunity

20
Q

humoral immunity is when

A

cells that produce antibodies release those antibodies into the blood stream
-short lived

21
Q

example of humoral immunity

A

needing boosters for immunizations such as TD

22
Q

the active stimulation of adaptive immunity is when

A

you actually contract the disease or active immunizations and your body makes antibodies

23
Q

the passive stimulation of adaptive immunity is when

A

you are given antibodies from another source

example is rattlesnake bite and injection of antibodies against rattlesnake venom

24
Q

what is unique about vertebrates?

A
  • adaptive immunity
  • lymphatic system
  • relatively high blood pressure vascular system
25
important facts about lymphatic vessels
- sealed at one end (blind ended) | - have larger spaces (pores) in between cells of lymphatic vessels than in capillaries
26
purpose of lymphatic vessels
to collect the fluid pushed out of blood from the capillaries and run it back to blood vascular system