Micro 1- emerging infectious diseases

Question 1

EIDs- emerging infectious diseases are

Answer 1

new diseases and diseases increasing in incidence

Question 2

MERS- middle east respiratory syndrome

Answer 2

• caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
• 100 deaths in middle east from 2012-2014
• newly emerging

Question 3

SARS- severe acute respiratory syndrome

Answer 3

• caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

- first in China in 2002

Question 4

H1N1 influenza (flu)

Answer 4

-first in US in 2009, pandemic by WHO

Question 5

avian influenza A (H5N1) and (H7N9)

Answer 5

• 2003 in southeast Asia

- by 2008, 242 had sickened and about 50% died

Question 6

MRSA- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 6

1950s- penicillin resistance
1980s- methicillin resistance
1990s- vancomycin resistance reported
VISA and VRSA now occurring

Question 7

VISA and VRSA

forms of MRSA

Answer 7

VISA- vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus

VRSA- vancomycin- resistant S. aureus

Question 8

EHF- ebola hemorrhagic fever

Answer 8

• ebola virus, causes fever, hemorrhaging, and blood clotting
• transmitted via contact with infected blood or bodily fluids
• first identified near ebola river in Congo
• 2014 outbreak in Guinea, hundreds killed

Question 9

cryptosporidiosis

Answer 9

• cryptosporidium protozoa
• first reported in 1976 (now re-emerging)
• causes 30% of diarrheal illness in developing countries
• in US, transmitted via contaminated water

Question 10

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Answer 10

• caused by a prion, an infected protein that also causes CJD
• new variant of CJD in humans is related to cattle that have been given feed made from prion-infected sheep
• causes brain with holes in it

Question 11

E. coli O157:H7

Answer 11

• toxin-producing strain of E.coli
• first seen in 1982, causes bloody diarrhea
• leading cause of diarrhea worldwide

Question 12

west nile encephalitis (WNE)

Answer 12

• caused by west nile virus
• first diagnosed in the west nile region of Uganda in 1937
• appeared in NYC in 1999
• in non-migratory birds in 48 states
• transmitted between birds, horses, humans by mosquitos

Question 13

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Answer 13

• caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• first identified in 1981
• sexually transmitted infection affecting males and females
• worldwide epidemic infecting 35 million people, 6000 new infections every day (still new)
• HIV/AIDs in UD: 26% female, 49% african american