Mendelian Inheritance (genetics) Flashcards
who is gregor mendal?
-father of genetics
-tested on pea plants
what is a genotype?
what is a phenotype?
genotype: geneic makeup
phenotype: the physical apperance
allele meaning? and how does it work?
a specific form of a gene. 2 allele’s determine the physical apperance/a trait
(allele’s can be recessive and dominant)
what is a dominate gene? what is a recessive gene?
dominate gene: - contains an allele (a dominate allele) and will always be physically expressed
recessive gene - an allele that you have, that can only be expressed if there is two of the recessive allele (therefore, if a dominate is present, only the dominate allele will be expressed.)
what is a homozygous genotype?
a pure/true genotype that is made up of only dominate alleles (RR) or recessive alleles (rr)
what is a heterozygous genotype?
a hybrid genotype containing both recessive and dominate genes
what is the punnette square?
a diagram that summarizes every possible combination of each allele from each parent.
tool for determining the probability of a single offspring having a particular genotype.
what are the two types of crosses and what are they?
Monohybrid cross
cross designed to study the inheritance of only one trait
e.g. flower color
Dihybrid cross
cross designed to study the inheritance of two traits
e.g. flower color & plant height
parental generation ?
f1? (filial 1 generation)
f2 (filial 2 generation)
parental generation: 2 parental cells that are homozygous (either recessive or dominate)
filial 1 generation: (offspring) the created of hybrids (heterozygous)
filial 2: (offspring of f1) the 1:2:1 genotype ratio, and the 3:1 phenotype ratio.
-> all genotypes are present
rules to remember when momohybrid crossing:
Dominate genes are always capilized, while recessive genes are lowercased
a recessive apperance of a organisim means that they can only be homozygous recessive.
different genotypes can code for the same phenotype
