asexual reproduction (genetics)

Question 1

what is asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

reproducing cells with a singular parent

most organisism reproduce asexually (ie: humans healing themselves)

asexual reproduction is most common in unicellular organisms, but can be widespread in multicelluar organisms (ie: plant and fungi)

Question 2

3 types of asexual reproduction excluding mitosis?

Answer 2

1) pulling out roots and shoots
2) budding
3) fragmentation

Question 3

what is pulling out roots and shoots?

Answer 3

Above ground stems extend / develop into new plants

Question 4

what is budding?

Answer 4

New individual develops from an outgrowth on the body of an organism

Question 5

Fragmentation

Answer 5

Parts of the growing mass break off and continue to grow independently

Question 6

what are aphids?

Answer 6

a type of animal that can reproduce asexually and sexually

during the spring/summer, females give birth to female offspring asexually, and their population can skyrocket

a hormonal change occurs in autumn and they start to give birth to males, now reproducing sexually and allowing for genetic diversity

Question 7

what are the stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

interphase

PMAT

cytokinesis

Question 8

what are the 3 stages of interphase?

Answer 8

gap 1, synthesis, gap 2

Question 9

what happens in interphase? (explain all the stages)

Answer 9

-interphase is the longest stage of mitosis

-gap1, where all organelles/content inside the cell excluding DNA replicates.

-synthesis, where DNA is duplicated

-gap2, the cell checks for mutations and errors and makes repairs if needed.

Question 10

what happens in prophase (5)

Answer 10

• chromosomes condense and become visible (chromosomes, best time t take a kayrotype)
• nuclear membrane begins to disolve (so that there is space within the cell for mitosis to happen)
• centrioles move to the opposite ends of the cell
• spindle fibers begin to form from the centrioles
• nucleolus disappears

Question 11

what happens in metaphase?

Answer 11

-spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at the centromere and begin to move them to the equator of the cell

Question 12

what happens in anaphase?

Answer 12

-spindle fibers begin to retract, pulling apart the centromeres and seperating the chromatids, chorsmosomes begin to move to the opposite poles of the cell

Question 13

what happens in telophase?

Answer 13

chromosomes reach the opposite poles and begin to unwind, spingle fibers begin to dissolve, nuclear membrane form around chromosoles, nucleolus reforms, which results in 2 new daughter nuclei

Question 14

what happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 14

cytoplasm and organelles rougly divide equally, 2 new daughter cells are fromed because in a plant cell a cell plate forms, while in an animal cell they go through a clevage furror, where a ring of microfilament contracts, pinching half the cell.

Question 15

outcome of asexual cell cycle?

Answer 15

2 identical daughter cell, growth and repair

Question 16

how fast do cells divide?

Answer 16

cells divide at a different rate, for various reasons.

ie: skin: 20 hrs compared to nerve cells: years

Question 17

what is clonning?

Answer 17

production of genetically identcal living organisms, using a single cell

Question 18

advantages of clonning?

Answer 18

-mass production of plants and animals (which can increase yeild and quality)
-commerically (clonning things that are in demand)
-helping endanger species.

Question 19

disadvantages of clonning?

Answer 19

-can be expensive
-consumer dissatisfaction (morally and ethically)
-detrimental traits (devolping health issues)
-loss of genetic diversity