Interferences with gas exchange (Diseases)

Question 1

What is interferance with gas exchange?

Answer 1

Diseases and conditions that interference with an indivduals ability to…
1) uptake and delievers oxygen
2) Remove carbon dioxide a

–> therefore diseases impair the process of gas exchange

Question 2

6 common diseases when referring to lung diseases

Answer 2

1) Asthma
2) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
3) Influenza
4) Tuberculosis
5) Pneumonia
6) Cystic fibrosis

Question 3

What do these diseases do?

Answer 3

1) restrict the flow of air into and out of lungs (Delievering a insufficent amount of air)

2) Damage/destroy respiratory membrane in the alveoli
(Reduces surface area for gas exchange, impairs the process of the gas exchange)

Question 4

What is asthma?

Answer 4

A chronic, long term inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles, which obstructs air flow. (Swelling of the bronchus = bronchus is thicker and therefore there is smaller pathways)

Question 5

Why does inflammation hapen? and what causes asthma to be worse?

Answer 5

Inflammation is a protective reaction to eliminate foreign substances/infections

–> swelling and redness increase blood flow.
–> inflammation also stimulates sticky mucus production, which furthers obstructs airflow.

muscles become senstive and contract, which causes coughing, shortness of breath and chest tightness

Question 6

What are the triggers of asthma?

Answer 6

• cig smoke
• dust
• cold air
• allergies
• physical exertion

Question 7

treatment of asthma?

Answer 7

avoid truggers
puffer (to dialate bronchi and bronchioles)
–> puffer reduces inflammation

Question 8

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 8

A perminante and progressive (worsening) diseases that involves bronchitits and emphysema

bronchitutus = inflammation to bronchus.
emphysema (permanante damage to aveoli)
–> walls of the avoli are damage (shape lost, elasticity lost)
–> reduction in surface area for gas exchabge, resulting in less o2 and increase blood co2 levels (causing an increased breath rate and increased heart rate)

Question 9

is there a cure to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 9

1) no cure
2) Proper mangerment
3) Medication
4) Life style changes to alleviate symptons and slow the progress of the disease
5) Oxygen therapy

Question 10

What does smoking do to gas exchange?

Answer 10

–> greatest cause of respiratory diseases

• Nicotine blocks chemicals that allow signals to be sent from the brain around the body (wrong signalling) (signals for more production in mucus which further obstructs airway)
• Carbon monoxide, bonds to hemoglobin stronger than o2, affects the ability to deliver oxygen to the body cells.
• Tar (a black sticky substance)
  Accumulates in the aveoli, which prevents gas exchange because it makes the alveoli less thin.

Other chemicals within smokign devices
-> Irritate airways
-> Increase swelling
-> Increase mucus
-> Inactivates cillia and cronchi

While carincogenic chemicals, cause mutations and lead to cancer.

Question 11

Lung transpants (a cure in a extreme/servre case)

Answer 11

• Replacing a lung or two of the lungs
• Patient must be in the correct standard to receive this treatment (therefore must be evulated for underling medical conditions that may affect the operatations sucess
• All donors and recevors must match in blood type (avoiding rejection as much as possible)

–> There will always be some degree of rejection, because this is a foreign organ.

-> Patient must take immunosuppresive drugs for the rest of their life to prevent the rejection response (More suscepitable to infections)