intro to respiratory system Flashcards
Why do we need oxygen?
Key componet in cellular respiration which is needed to carry out regulatory functions, build/growht and repair and regulations in general.
–> needed for energy
What is in the air? (Air mixture)
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen (the most important mixture)
1% argon
0.04% carbon dioxide
When looking at a pateints how are they oreintated?
Always label things according to the pateint, therefore my life is the patients right (inversion)
Whats the main function of your lungs?
-> Get rid of waste products such as carbon dioxide
-> Supply oxygen/bring oxygen into the body
-needed for cells to survive
-needed to produce energy
What is cellular respiration? What is aerobic cellular respitation?
The process of creating ATP molecules which release energy. (Broad term, including all cells used to create energy)
Gluclose + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + Energy (ATP molecules) + Water
Carbon dioxide (waste product)
Water is a (biproduct)
Aerobic cellular respiration refers specifically to cellular respiration that requires oxygen.
–> Series of chemical reactions
-> Must consume oxygen to provide energy
Whats does cellular respitation create? (percentage) (What is atp used for)
64% of energy goes towards thermal energy (heat), maintaining the body temperature of animals.
36% of energy creates ATP molecules (adenosine triphosphate)
–> WHich is the reason why we need to breath all the time, because not a lot is being created.
for every 1 gluclose molecule, 36 ATP molecules are created.
ATP molecules react with other molecules to release energy, this energy is used for growth, movement, and building new molecules.
How is oxygen obtained?
Ventilation (into the body) and gas exchange (how body cells get oxygen)
Ventilation is breathing, moving oxygen rich air into lungs (inhalation)
Moving carbon dioxide rich air away from lungs (exhalation)
How does gas exchange work? (generally)
process of oxygen diffusing into body cells and carbon dioxide diffusing out of cells, happening in the lungs and in the body cells
lungs refers to the lung –> blood stream
body cell refers to the blood stream –> body cell
Oxygen diffusion flow chart (within the respiratory system, not in reference to pressure)
Lungs (high concentration of oxygen) —> (diffuses into) The blood stream (which had low concentration of oxygen), but once oxygen diffuses into the blood stream (it has high concentration of oxygen) —> interstitual fluid –> (diffuses into) body cells.
carbon dioxide diffusion flow chart
Body cells –> Interstitual fluid –> blood stream –> lungs
CO2 is a waste product of cellular respiration, therefore is produced in the body cells (high concentration)
diffuses into the blood (because it has a low concentration of co2)
Then the co2 diffuses into the lungs, because blood has more co2 than the lungs.
Interstitual fluid meaning? What does it do?
type of extracellular fluid that surrounds and the cells in tissues throughout the body. It fills the spaces (called interstitial spaces) between cells.
therefore gasses do not directly diffuse straight into the blood stream and goes through this extra barrier
Simple organisms vs complex organisms in gas exchange? (Meaning)
Simple organisms (jelly fish, sponge) vs complex organisms (humans, fish, etc)
simple organisms = simple diffusion, o2 diffuses directly from the environment (through the cell membrane ) into the cells of the organisms
–> o2 diffuses directly from the body cells to the environment
–> (DIRECT) (Follows the concentration gradient) (high to low, until equillbirum)
COMPLEX ORGANISMS,
-> Have special organs and systems to supple 02 and remove co2
–> organs (need blood/oxygen to function)
–> regions (to supply blood through)
(high oxygen demands)
(involves the ciruclatory system)
–> oxygen travels through the blood streams and diffusses into other cells
WHats the difference between ventliation and gas exchange?
Ventiliation the physical process of aquiring oxygen, the moving of the air into the body
Gas exchange the swapping of gasses within the body, involving multiple structures such as the albeolies and the capillaries.
