9.3 Intro to digestion Flashcards
What is digestion?
What is the digestion system?
Digestion: the chemical and physical breakdown of food into its nutrients, so that is can be reabsorbed and carried to the rest of the body
Digestion system: Collective organs and their roles in digestion
What is the process of digestion (breif explanation and where it is)
1) Ingestion (Eating the food) (Occurs in the mouth)
2) Digestion (Breakdown of the food into its nurtirents) (Occurs in mouth, stomach and small intestine)
3) Absorbtion (The transfer of nutrients from the digestive system to the blood stream) (Small intestine to large intestine)
4) Egestion (The excretion of waste) (large intestine/rectum and anus)
Specialized digestive systems. how does digestion work in a simple organism?
What is the structure called and what does it do?
Simple organisms have a gastrovascular cavity, a simple sac-like digestive cavity
–> Has one opening where food is taken in and waste is taken out)
-Within the sac, food is chemically and physically broken down, nutrients are absrobed by the cells within the lining of the cavity.
Specialized digestive systems. how does digestion work in a complex organism?
What is the human digestive tract?
(What is its known as, what are the organs that included in it?)
Complex organisms have two openings, 1 for food, 1 for waste.
Specialized regions and organs that enable the breakdown (physically and chemically) and regions/organs that conduct absorbtion
–> Food moves along the track
ie: humans; with the gastrointestinal tract (extends from the mouth to the anus)
Mouth (oral cavity) -> Phyranx -> (NOT A REGION: epgilotius blocks food from going down your layrnx) Espogagus -> Stomach -> Small Intestine (DJI) (NOT A REGION IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT: pancreas, liver and gallbladder and involved) -> Large intestine (cecum, a blind pouck connected the small intestine and large intestine) (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmaid colon) (rectum) (anus)
How does the muscular system/skeletal system connect to the digestive track?
ANIMALS: ALlows them to move to catch prey and obtain food
IN GENERAL:
Skeletal supports support, because ribs protect the stomach and liver
Skeletal: Teeth are used for mechanical breakdown
Muscular: Allows for peristalsis (contractions to move food down the digestive track)
Stomach is made up of many muscles, used to churn the food
How does the circulatory system connect to the digestive track?
-> Transports oxygen and other materials to digestive organs
-> Carries nutrients from the digestive food from the digestive system to other tissues.
How does the nervous system/endocrine system connect to the digestive track?
Endocrine system: Various hormones signal for enzyme secretion, stomach acidity and rate of absorbtion (i.e gastrin)
Nervous system: Regulates/directs the actions of the digestive organs
How does the respiratory system connect to the digestive track?
Supplies the digestive organs with oxygen needed for celluar respiration, (cellualar respiration provides the energy needed for digestion and nutrient absorbtion)
