11.2 Blood: a tissue fluid Flashcards
What is blood?
A medium to deliver oxygen and transport waste
–> A type of connective tissue: Cells within “intercellular matrix” (the filling in cell tissues)
-> Average of 5L of blood circulating in us
What are the componets of blood?
-> Plasma (Liquid componet)
-> Erthrocytes (RBCS)
->Leukocytes (White blood cells)
-> Platelets
Blood Components - Plasma
-> What is it (/inside of it and function)
-> What are the 3 proteins in plasma?
Fluid that transports dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones
–> Protein rich
90% water
Contains different proteins that are needed for:
Albumins – maintain osmotic balance (volume; blood pressure)
–> Determines the amount of water entering and leaving the bllood stream by osmosis (By balencing water levels, it maintains blood volumn)
Globulins – carry antibodies (immunity)
–> immunogloblins
Fibrinogens – initiate blood clotting
What are Erythorocytes?
Red Blood Cells
-Contains hemogloblin (Iron containing molecule that binds to oxygen)
-No nucleus in mature cells
–> Provides more space for oxygen, RBC’s can survive w/o it
(While devolping it has a nucleus, but it disperses when mature)
-Shaped as biconcave disks (Concaved on both sides) (Increwases surfacee area and carries more hemoglobin and oxygen)
-Carries Co2 from the body cells to the lungs (assiting in the transport of getting rid of waste) But it also carries o2 to the body cells
Formed from stem cells in bone marrow
Have a nucleus while developing
Mature - released into blood - nucleus breaks down and disappears
Live for ~120 days (removed by liver and spleen)
Appropriate number of RBCS is maintained by a feedback system
–> if oxygen in blood falls below a certain level, brain signals the production of EPO
(Erythopoietin: Hormones that stimulate production of erythrocytes and is produced in the kidney )
What a leukocytes?
Blood Components - White Blood Cells
–> Many different types
–> First line of defense against harm
Much less in number than RBCs
Formed in bone marrow
Stored in blood and lymph tissues (fats)
Have a nucleus
What are the two types of leukocytes (What are they)
1) Granular
granules (small particles) in cytoplasm
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
(Contains enzymes in their cytoplasm that release chemicals to fight foreign matter)
2) Agranular
non-granular (clear)
Lymphocytes, monocytes (macrophages)
(Engulfs bacteria and other microorganism)
What is the mainfunction of white blood cells?
Are these functiosn a multistep or sinular step process?
Main function is to protect the body against invading microorganisms and toxins
produce antibodies
release chemicals that attack them
phagocytosis (a process): engulf bacteria, enzymes released to destroy it
macrophages (a type of white blood cell) clean up bacteria, dead cells, and other debris
Pus (Aftermath) - whitish substance - remnants of leukocyte and whatever it engulfed
For everything to work, it is a multiple step process that is often not immediate
1) Invadors enter body –> 2) Antibodies “mark” the invadors as bad (known as flagging) –> 3) Immune cells attack harmful things
What are thrombocytes?
Small cell fragments produced in bone marrow
Main function is to initiate blood clotting by sticking to collagen fibres in the blood vessel wall when they are broken
–> Fibrinogen, a protein in plasma helps in this process. (By forming a mesh that traps platelets a blood cells)
More + More platelets = a clot (seals the wound)
- once the clot is in place, the clotting process begins beneath the surface.
–> Once permanet clot is created, it stops the blood leakage which allows injuries to heal (and then it is absrobed into the body or clot will fall off)
What are the risks with platelets?
clot dislodged → move through blood vessels and block the flow of blood somewhere else.
(severe cas if a blot clot prevents brain from getting blood) Brain - stroke (brain damage by lack of oxygen), numerous effects
Common blood condtion?
Anemia: Condition of low red blood cells or a low hemoglobin level
leads to low oxygen levels
person may feel tired or run down
can be from external or internal injuries/bleeding (Mommentairly have amenia)
most common cause is having an iron deficiency (Vegans, vegetarians, girls)
Infection: does what?
nfection: Higher than normal leukocyte count
Sign that the body is fighting something (leukemia)
What does an ideal substitude contain:
- not induce an antibody reaction in the recipient
- eliminate, or greatly reduce, the possibility of transmitting infections
- be capable of delivering adequate oxygen
- be readily available, capable of being stored at room temperature, and have a long shelf life
