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BOC > Medical Aspects > Flashcards

Medical Aspects Flashcards

1
Q

Name types of diseases associated wit he electrical conduction issues

A

Wolff-parkinson-whiteMarfans syndrome -tall, thin, large people. Body grows too fast for the heart to keep up

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2
Q

What is a pulmonary embolus?

A

Blood clot in arms or usually the legs that breaks free and travels to the heart or lungs. Suddenly causes no oxygen in bloodstream.Clot has potential to block off blood from both lungs-impossible to recover fromIf at risk use blood thinnersVena cava umbrellaThose at risk-surgery, prolonged immobilizations,

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3
Q

Define signs symptoms and causes of cardiac arrest. Who is at risk?

A

-Immediate loss of consciousness-unable to awake-NOT A HEART ATTACK (could be v. Fib)Risks- males over 40- females over 45-smokers-diabeticsSyncope-known heart disease

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4
Q

Focal neurological deficits

A

Not one thing is specifically wrong

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5
Q

What can cause a concussion

A

Whiplash, coup contacoup, direct blow to anywhere on the body,

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6
Q

Explain the nature of symptoms seen with a concussion

A

Rapid onset but short lived neurological impairment that resolve spontaneouslySymptoms reflect functional problems, can not see concussion with a MRIMay or may not involve LOC

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7
Q

What tests do you use to assess a concussion?

A

ABC’s, LOC (Glasgow coma scale), rule out c-spine, neuro exam, SCAT 3, SAC, Maddocks questionnaire

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8
Q

How to perform neuro sideline exam

A

Mental status use SCATcranial nervesSensory/motor function ReflexesSymmetry/asymmetryRombergs testNystagmus ( involuntary eye movement)

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9
Q

C5 reflex

A

Biceps

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10
Q

C6 reflex

A

Brachioradialis

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11
Q

C7 reflex

A

Triceps

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12
Q

L3/L4

A

Patellar

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13
Q

L5

A

Medial hamstring

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14
Q

S1

A

Achilles

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15
Q

Types of Post concussion sequela

A

Second impact syndromePost concussion syndromePost concussion convulsions - seizure (not serious)Neuropsychological deficits

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16
Q

Second impact injury

A
  • 2nd concussion before first has resolvedUsually minor in natureWill cause cerebral edema, sudden on set, fatal
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17
Q

Let’s talk about epidural hematoma

A

Between skull and dura materTempo parietal region+- LOCheadacheVomit, seizure, abnormal pupilsEmergency head CTcushings triad -hypertension, bradycardia, slow respiration

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18
Q

Now let’s talk about subdural hematoma

A

Below dura and and above arachnoid spaceCollection of blood -acute -subacute: 3-7 days -chronic: 2-3 weeks post injurySurgical emergencyHigh mortality rate

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19
Q

What are seizures

A

Electrical neuronal brain dysfunctionUsually udiopathic, hereditaryHigher chance of happening after first seizureLie the patient on right side (to prevent aspiration)

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20
Q

What is post-seizure state known as, what should you do?

A

Post ictalmust protect the airway, unbutton loose clothing,lie them on the right side

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21
Q

How to RTP for a seizure

A

-differs by each case-consider safety of others-frequency, how well will it be controlled-activity being considered (i.e. swimming is a no go)-readiness, physically fit enough

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22
Q

What is meningitis? who is most at risk?

A

It is a bacterial, viral, or fungal disease -viral disease is more common -bacterial will lead to brain damage (i.e. neisseria)infants, and age 15-24 are at risk-EMERGENCY!

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23
Q

what to look for with Meningitis

A

Kernig’s sign, petechia rash.final diagnosis: CSF by lumbar puncture

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24
Q

Symptoms of Meningitis

A

fever, severe persistant headache, stiff painful neck, photophobia, vomiting, confusion, seizures, muscle aches (myalgia)

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25
Q

Encaphalitis. what is it?

A

Inflammation, infection of brain tissue.causes changes in mental status, convulsions, aphasia (loss of ability to speak, understand words), stupor, hallucinations

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26
Q

List causes of headaches. classify as serious or non serious.

A

Serious-intracranial bleeding-hypertension-meningitis/encaphalitis-tumor-systemic infectionNon Serious-vascular (migraines)-tension-post-concussive-benign exertional-altidude

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27
Q

Organs involved with breathing. name em

A

oral pharynxvocal chordstracheabronchi (L and R)bronchiolesalveoli (exchange of oxygen)

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28
Q

What is exercise induced asthma (bronchospasm)

A

EIBhappens 3-5 min after exercise, stops about an hour after exerciseSymptoms include:-coughing, tight chest, shortness of breath, decreased endurance. seems like person is ‘out of shape’

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29
Q

what causes EIB?

A

most likely related to inhalation of large volumes of cool, dry air during exercise-happens to cross country skiers, and swimmers, even runners.

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30
Q

What clues you in to whether or not it is Asthma or EIB

A

asthma shows signs of wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, worse at night, exposure to allergens (chronic asthma).if night times symptoms occur more than 2 times a month it is probably asthmaShortness of breath at night is asthma

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31
Q

how to Test for asthma

A

SpirometryFVC, FEV1, baseline and post exercise,

32
Q

FVC. what is it

A

max amount of air, measured in liters, that can be forcibly and rapidly exhaled

33
Q

FEV1. what is it?

A

the volume of air expelled in the 1st second of forced expiration

34
Q

baseline and post exercise. how do you do it?

A

raise HR to 85% of max.repeat test every 10-15 min for 30 min

35
Q

Diagnosing form FEV1 test….

A

decrease of FEV of 15% or more considered diagnostic of EIB

36
Q

Treatment of EIB containing no drugs

A

treat the refractory periodperform at 50% of max intensity for 15 min as a warmup before intense practice

37
Q

Treatment of EIB with drugs

A

Albuterol, 2 puffs 5-15 min before exerciseSeverant, Foradil, 30-60 min prior to activity may last up to 12 hoursMast Cell Sabilizers: CromoylnLeukotriene Receptor Antagoist: Singulair

38
Q

Treatment for Chronic Asthma

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids (Flovent, qvar, advair)

39
Q

How to use an inhaler?

A

always use spaceexhale completelypush buttontilt head backhold breath for 5 sec

40
Q

What is Vocal Chord Dysfunction?

A

Affects trachea rings, Vocal chords should do this: -Abduct (open) - experation/aspiration -Adduct during phonation, swalloingWith VCD they don’t adduct correctly-psychogenic in nature

41
Q

Who does VCD affect? What does it sound like?

A

women 20-40, history of psychiatric disorderoften confused with asthma, stars in early exercise, ends with cessation of exercise

42
Q

Difference between symptoms of asthma and VCD

A

high pitched sound -asthma: on exhale -VCD: on inhaleasthma: tight throatVCD: tight chestVCD: poor response to albuterol

43
Q

Treating VCD

A

speech therapy, relaxation techniques, treat psychiatric illness, GERD, or other underlying issues

44
Q

What are seasonal allergies known as?

A

allergic rhinitis

45
Q

What is Exercise Induced anaphylaxis (EIA)?

A

triggers mast cell release of histamine and other mediators,

46
Q

what are symptoms of EIA

A

itching, hives, welts, swelling of limbs, upper airway obstruction

47
Q

TReatment of anaphylaxis

A

exercise, intramuscular epinphrine (Epipen)

48
Q

Urticaria?

A

type of skin rash: blotchy, red, raised, mounds, widespread

49
Q

Cholinergic Urticaria?

A

hives after exercise, wheezing, anti-histamines, triggered by weather change, not serious

50
Q

Orbital floor fractures affect what part of the eye

A

the floor, which is the weakest

51
Q

Abrasions of the eye.

A

very painful, treat with bandage, 24 hrs to regenerate cornea tissue

52
Q

Hyphema (eye)

A

poor blood supply

53
Q

Sublated intraocular lens

A

zonules hold lens in, when they break, lens falls

54
Q

Commotio REtnae

A

Retnal whitening, doesn’t affect vison

55
Q

Cotton wood Spot (eye)

A

fluffy looking, tissue lacking blood/oxygen

56
Q

Subretnal hemmorhage

A

heals in about a month, may or may not affect vision

57
Q

retnole

A

hole in retna,no symptoms

58
Q

55% of brains pathways deal with the eyes/vision. true or false?

A

true.

59
Q

How is Stomach/GI pain generally described?

A

colicky pain, constant, burning, stabbing

60
Q

Location of organs. (quadrants)

A

RUQ - gall bladder liverLUQ - spleenRLQ - appendix (McBurney’s pt)

61
Q

Appendicitis and symptoms

A

Inflammation of the appendixSymptoms: Annorexia, low grade fever

62
Q

Esophagitis (worsened and relieved how?)

A

Worsened by lying downRelieved by antacids

63
Q

UTI

A

Dysuria of urinary frequency

64
Q

Medical History what to look for (when treating GI disorders)

A

use of Nsaid (gastritis, ulcers)Abdominal surgeryMenstrual history

65
Q

How to perform a physical exam for GI issues

A

Inspect (paleness, listen look for movement)Auscultation palpate

66
Q

GERD. what is it?

A

gastroesophageal reflux diseaseretrograde movement of gastric acid and pepsin which irritates the esophageal epithelium

67
Q

GERD symptoms?

A

heartburn, burping, retrosternal burning, worsened by eating, exercise, laying down-may also see: sore throat, dyspnea, cough, wheezing, laryngitis

68
Q

Treatment of GERD

A

small portions, avoid spicy/acidic foods, no alcohol or coffee, lose weight, stop smoking, laying down right after eating

69
Q

Medications for GERD

A

OTC antacidsOTC beta #2 blockersPPI’s if persistent

70
Q

main 5 drugs tested for?

A

Marijuana, amphetamines, opiates, cocaine, phencyclidine

71
Q

Pain relievers equal to Marijuana?

A

yes

72
Q

How long can 5+ alcoholic drinks affect the brain/body

A

3 days

73
Q

How long does it take one beer to metabolize?

A

hour

74
Q

What does alcohol do to the body

A

dehydrate, decrease minerals and vitamins, slows healing, increases recovery time, directly results in accidents

75
Q

name some anabolic steroids

A

testosterone, bolderone, androstenedione, etc

76
Q

what drugs are highly prescribed for pain and highly addictive?

A

Oxycotin, Loratab

77
Q

Read the Pain power point

A

Understand what chronic pain isSymptoms of chronic painLow Back painBiopsychosocial modelTreatment of chronic pain

BOC (49 decks)

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