Chapter 14 - Bloodborne Pathogens

Question 1

virus

Answer 1

submicroscopic parasitic organism that is dependent on the nutrients within host cells

make cells ill by redirecting cellular activity to create more viruses

Question 2

how can blood borne pathogens be transmitted?

Answer 2

human blood, semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid

Question 3

which is stronger HBV or HIV?

Answer 3

HBV - spread more easily via sharp objects, open wounds, and bodily fluids

Question 4

HBV

Answer 4

hepatitis B

swelling, soreness, and loss of normal liver function

s/s: fatigue, weakness, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, jaundice

can survive for 1 week in dried blood

Question 5

HCV

Answer 5

hepatitis C

acute and chronic form of liver disease caused by HCV

s/s: 80% have no symptoms. possible: jaundice, abdominal pain , loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, muscule or joint pain, dark urine

no vaccine

Question 6

HIV

Answer 6

human immunodeficiency virus

retrovirus that enters a host cell and changes its RNA to proviral DNA replica.

transmitte by blood or bodily fluids, sexual contact

s/s: fatigue, weight loss, muscle or joint pain, painful or swollen glands, night sweats, fever

can go 8-10 years without symptoms

most develop AIDS

no vaccine

Question 7

which forms of hepatitis are not considered blood borne pathogens?

Answer 7

Hepatitis A, D, and E

Question 8

HAV

Answer 8

inflammed liver - does not lead to chronic disease

transmitted by fecal or oral routes, personal contact, contaminated food/water

s/s: dark urine, light stools, fatigue, fever, jaundice

Question 9

HDV

Answer 9

inflamed liver, only affects those already infected with HBV

transmits via infected blood, contaminated needs, sexual contact

Question 10

HEV

Answer 10

inflamed liver, rare in the USA

-transmits via fecal or oral routes, contaminated water supplies

Question 11

HBV vaccination

Answer 11

3 doses over a 6-month period

Question 12

AIDS

Answer 12

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

no protection against simple infections

Question 13

Americans and Disabilities Act of 1991 (HIV)

Answer 13

athletes infected with HIV cannot be discriminated against and may be excluded from participation only on a medically sound basis

Question 14

testing for HIV

Answer 14

ELISA or EIA - blood serum analyses
Western blot - more sensitive

testing should be at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after exposure

Question 15

OSHA

Answer 15

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

1991 - universal precautions - established standards for an employer to follow that govern occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens

Question 16

contaminated surfaces should be cleaned with

Answer 16

solution of 10% bleach solution or with disinfectant approved by the EPA

Question 17

soiled towels/linens -

Answer 17

bagged separately with biohazard symbol

washed in 159.8 degrees fahrenheit for 25 min

Question 18

sharps

Answer 18

disposed of in a leak-proof, puncture resistant container

Question 19

mouthpieces

Answer 19

USOC requires use of mouthpieces in high-risk sports