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BOC > Chapter 6 - Environmental Conditions > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Environmental Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperthermia

A

elevated body temperature

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2
Q

metabolic heat production

A

normal metabolic function causes production and radiation of heat; level of increasing body heat depends on intensity of physical activity

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3
Q

conductive heat exchange

A

physical contact with other objects can result in a heat gain or loss

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4
Q

convective heat exchange

A

heat loss or gain depending on temperature of circulating medium

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5
Q

radiant heat exchange

A

from sunshine

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6
Q

evaporative heat loss

A

water is transported to surface via sweat glands, where it evaporates, taking large quantities of heat with it

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7
Q

when is evaporative heat loss impaired?

A

when humidity reaches 65%. It is impossible at 75%.

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8
Q

normal sweat rate

A

1 quart/hour for 2 hours (varies per person and situation)

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9
Q

what is the heat index

A

temperature do to heat/humidity/ and sunshine

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10
Q

WBGT

A

wet bulb globe thermometer

dry bulb: recorded from standard mercury thermometer

wet bulb: uses wet wick or piece of gauze wrapped around end of thermometer that is swung around in the air

globe temperature: measures the sun’s radiation and has a black metal casing around the end of a thermometer

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11
Q

psychrometer

A

consists of 2 thermometers - dry and wet - where the cloth is soaked and thermometers are properly ventilated, WBT

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12
Q

heat rash

A

red, raised rash with sensations of prickling and tingling during sweating

occurs where skin is wet

localized to areas covered by clothing

drying off can help prevent rash

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13
Q

heat syncope

A

rapid physical fatigue during overexposure to heat

peripheral vasodilation of superficial vessels, hypotension, or pooling of blood in extremities, results in dizziness, waiting, and nausea

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14
Q

tx for heat syncope

A

lay athlete down in coo environment, replace fluids

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15
Q

heat cramps

A

muscle spasms (calf & abdomen) related to excessive water and electrolyte loss (mostly sodium)

common in those who are not acclimatized

prevent with adequate hydration

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16
Q

tx for heat cramp

A

ingestion of large quantities of fluid, milk prolonged stretching with ice massage

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17
Q

exertional heat exhaustion

A

occurs from environmental heat stress and strenuous physical exercise

athlete is dehydrated and is unable to sustain adequate cardiac output

mild hyperthermia

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18
Q

tx for exertional heat exhaustion

A

remove form activity, remove clothing, lie down with legs elected, cooling efforts, rehydrate or IV, monitor heart rate, BP, and core temperature

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19
Q

exertional heatstroke

A

characterized by CNS abnormalities and potential tissue damage resulting from significantly elevated body temp

can result in death

thermoregulatory mechanism breaks down due to high body temp and inability to dissipate heat

sudden collapse with CNS dysfunction (seizures, confusion, emotional, irrational behavior, decreased mental activity)

rectal temp greater than 104

flushed hot skin, sweating on 75% of the time, shallow fast breathing, rapid/strong pulse, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, weakness, decreased BP and dehydration

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20
Q

tx for heatstroke

A

whole body cooling, remove clothing, immerse in cool water bath, lower temp to 101, call EMS

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21
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

genetically inherited muscular disorder causing hypersensitivity to anesthesia and extreme exercise in hot environments

muscle temperature increases before core temp - causes symptoms similar to heat stroke

complains of muscle pain, rectal temp above 101 for a bit after exercise

should not exercise in heat/humidity

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22
Q

acute exertional rhabdomyolysis

A

sudden catabolic destruction and degeneration of skeletal muscle accompanied by leakage of myoglobin and muscle enzymes into the vascular system

occurs in hot humid environments in health ppl

grdual onset of muscle weakness, swelling, pain, dark urine, renal dysfunction,

could cause death

23
Q

exertional hyponatremia

A

involving a fluid/electrolyte disorder that results in an abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood

caused by hyper hydration or lack of sodium in the diet.

worsening headache, nausea, vomiting, swelling of hands and feet, lethargy, apathy or agitation, low blood sodium (

24
Q

dehydration defined as

A

loss of 2% or more of body weight

25
Q

CHO to water ratio for quickest fluid absorption

A

14 g CHO/8 oz of water

26
Q

why is water a poor dehydrator for athletes?

A

turns off thirst mechanism
turns on kidneys prematurely

fluid loss in urine is quicker than when drinking sports drink

27
Q

individuals susceptible to heat illness

A 
large muscle mass
overweight
males over females
poor fitness levels, 
history of heat illness
febrile condition
28
Q

hypothermia

A

cold conditions - not enough layers
damp or wet conditoins
50% heat loss through head and neck
20% heat loss is through evaporation (skin and respiration)

29
Q

shivering ceases at what temp

A
30
Q

what core temp implies death is imminent

A

> 107, 77-85 degrees farenheit

31
Q

for sport in temp below 32 degrees: how should the athlete dress

A

a layer of protective clothing added for every 5 mph of wind

32
Q

frost nip

A

commonly occurs when there is a high wind, severe cold, or both.
affects ears, nose, cheeks, chin, fingers and toes

skin is firm and cold
painless areas that may peel/blister

33
Q

tx for frost nip

A

sustained pressure
no rubbing
blowing hot breath
place fingers in armpits

34
Q

frost bite types

A

chillblains, superficial frostbite, deep frostbite

35
Q

chill blains

A

prolonged and constant exposure to cold for many hours.

redness, tingling, swelling, and pain in toes and fingers

usually causes by peripheral circulation issues

36
Q

superficial frostbite

A

only the skin and subQ tissue. skin is pale, hard, cold, and waxy. underlying deeper tissues will yield to pressure.

37
Q

deep frostbite

A

deep tissues frozen,
medical emergency
requires rapid rewarming

injury can become gangrenous

38
Q

increased altitude can cause

A

decreased oxygen uptake
4-7% decrease in performance
hyperventilation
fewer saturated RBC available

39
Q

acute mountain sickness

A

headache, nausea, vomiting, sleep disturbance, dyspnea (unpleasant breathing) for 3 days

tissue disruption in the brain that affects Na/K+ balance (excess fluid retention in cells)

40
Q

pulmonary edema

A

lungs accumulate a small amount of fluid with in alveolar walls

dyspnea, cough, headache, weakness, unconsciousness

41
Q

pulmonary edema tx

A

move to lower altitude ASAP, give oxygen

42
Q

sickle-cell trait and altitude

A

abnormality of RBC and Hb content

cells clump when abnormal Hb become deoxygenated

can cause enlarged spleen, may rupture

43
Q

SPF of 6 means

A

can be exposed to UV light 6x longer than w/o sunscreen before the skin will turn red

44
Q

flash to bang method

A

count # seconds between lightning and thunder and divide by 5

45
Q

see it - flea it

A

see it, must allow 30 min pass free of lightning before returning to play.
30 min restarts at every proceeding strike

46
Q

Photochemical haze

A

nitrogen dioxide and stagnant air that are acted on by sunlight to produce ozone

47
Q

ozone affects?

A

increased work output.
SOB, coughing, chest tightness, pain during deep breathing, nausea, eye irritation, fatigue, lung irritation, an lowered resistance to lung infection

asthmatics are at greater risk

48
Q

smog

A

produced by combination of carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide

49
Q

circadian dysrhythmia

A

jet lag - desynchronization of the athlete’s biological and biophysical time clock

50
Q

circadian rhythm

A

cyclical mechanisms follow a pattern and adapt at varying rates to time change

51
Q

adapt to jet lag faster flying…

A

westard

52
Q

avoid jet lag

A

hydrate, go bed and wake up an hour earlier,

53
Q

symptoms of jet lag

A

fatigue, headache, problems with digestion, changes in BP, heart rate, hormonal release, endocrine secretions, and bowel habits

54
Q

turf vs grass

A

it is believed more injuries occur on turf as turf may lose its absorbent shock abilities with age.
no scientific evidence

resilient infill turn made of polyethylene and polypropylene yarns that sit on base of sand or rubber pellets or both

BOC (49 decks)

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