Chapter 7 - Protective Gear and Sports Equipment Flashcards
tort
injured athlete must show that the athletic trainer was negligent in their decision to alter a piece of equipment and that negligence resulted in injury
NOCSAE
national operating committee on standards for athlete equipment
established voluntary test standards to reduce head injuries by establishing minimum safety requirements for helmets and face masks
how often does NOCSAE recommend recondition and rectifying?
every 2 years if no warranty
a re-conditioned/re-certified helmet can meet standards for many seasons
all helmets have
NOCSAE certification - outside warning label
player must read aloud and sign form
ice hockey helmets certified by
CSA (Canadian standards association)
or
Hockey Equipment Certification National
Glasses and athletes
polycarbonate lenses - unbreakable
hardened glass lenses
Photochromic lenses (tinted)
football shoulder pads
cantilevered: bulkier (blocking and tackling); front and rear panels have been extended
noncantilevered - less restrictive in shoulder motion (quarterback and receiver)
toe box
1/2 -3/4 inch distance between longest toe and front of shoe
sole (layers)
3 layers (spongy, midsole, hard rubber layer)
spongy - shock absorption (under the heel)
midsole - cushions mid foot to toes
hard rubber layer - makes contact with the ground
sole w/ flared heel
appropiate for running shoes, not recommended in aerobic or court shoes
heel counters
prevents heel from rolling side to side at heel strike
a firm but well fitted heel counter may prevent ankle sprains and painful blisters
shoe uppers
combo of nylon and leather
lightweight
quick drying, well ventilated
extra support in saddle area and achilles tendon area, above heel counter
arch support
durable yet soft supportive material and should smoothly join with insole
price
extra investment is worth the better performance and prevention of injury
cleats
no longer than 1/2 inch
specific shoes only worn on turf
cleats placed under 2 major weight bearing joints
foot orthotics
plastic, thermoplastic, rubber, sorb ethane, or leather support placed in the shoe to replace existing insole
heel cups
used for plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, achilles tendonitis, heel bursitis,
made of hard plastic or spongy rubber
compress fat pad under heel, more cushioning
protective knee braces
used prophylactically to prevent injuries to MCL in contact sports
rehabilitative knee braces
used following surgery to allow for controlled progressive immobilization (hinges)
functional knee braces
worn during and following rehab period to provide support during functional activities
neoprene braces with medial/lateral supports
athletes who have injured collateral ligaments and want support
neoprene sleeves
provide some support for patellofemoral conditions
guaze padding
less versatile than other padding; varied thickness.
used as an absorbent or a makeshift padding
cotton
cheapest and most widely used; absorbs, holds emollients, offers a mild padding effect
adhesive felt (moleskin)
cushioning and sturdy, very versatile, useful on all body parts
felt
matted wool fibers pressed into carrying thickness; comfortable and semi resilient. gives firmer pressure, absorbs sweat and clings to skin.
less tendency to move, should be replaced daily
foams
different thickness and density
resilient, nonabsorbent, protects against compressive forces
closed celled preferred because it rebounds
some are thermomodable
sorbothane
new class of foams . high-energy absorbing quality is heavier. generally used in inner soles of shoes, prevents blisters and absorbs ground reaction forces
Nonyielding materials
thermomoldable plastics
- heat forming plastics
- heat-setting plastics
- heat-plastic foams
casting materials, making protective splints or shells
heat forming plastics
heat to 140-180 plastic can be accurately molded to body part (Aquaplast or Orthoplast)
heat-setting plastic
higher temps for shaping, rigid and more difficult to form. requires a mold
Kydex and Nyloplex
heat-plastic forms
used as shoe inserts and other padding.
aloplast, plastazote
casting materials
fiberglass. uses retina nd catalytic converter plus water to produce hardening
effective shells for splints and protective padding
adhesives
many cements and glues join plastic to plastic or join other combinations of materials
adhesive tape
major tool in holding various materials in place; linen and elastic tape can hold pads to a rigid backing or to adhesive felt. protect against sharp edges
customized hard shell pads
thermomoldable plastic sheet, scissors, felt material
dynamic splint
provide long-duration tension on a healing structure so it can return to normal function.
use thermoplastic, velcro, rubber elastic to provide dynamic assistance
fitting a helmet
no damages, cracks, dents, check for certification, check for all pieces in place
determine what size - tape measure
wet their head - simulates sweat
snug fit, make sure the helmet doesn’t move,
ear holes line up,
everything covered - forehead, chin, back of head, ears
no gaps between padding and skin
3 fingers in between mask and face
no twisting, can see, etc
fitting shoulder pads
epilet pads - covers deltoid
AC joint to Ac joint for measuring across the back
shoulder range of motion - pads shouldn’t shift
buckled up, all the pieces there, etc etc
heel wedges
used to correct structural deformities
shank
between heel and metatarsals, support weight of wearer
last (3 types)
straight, curved, semi-curved
straight last
filled on the medial side
for those with flat arch or pronators
semi curved last
normal foot, small curve on medial side to fit normal arch
curved last
provide forefoot stability
for those with high arch, or supinators
soft materials examples
foams,, felt, adhesive felt, gauze padding,
closed cell foams
rebound to original shape quickly,
to correct forefoot varus (foot excessively pronates)
rigid orthotic, medial wedge under head of the first metatarsal. small wedge under medial calcaneus
to correct structural forefoot valgus (foot excessively supinates)
semirigid orthotic, lateral wedge under head of the 5th metatarsal and small wedge under lateral calcaneus
to correct structural rearfoot varus
the orthotic should be semirigid and have a wedge under the medial calcaneus and small wedge under the head of the first metatarsal
soft orthotics
wildly available for overuse syndromes
semirigid orthotics
made of flexible thermoplastics, rubber and leather.
molded from a neutral cast, made for those with increased symptoms
rigid orthotics
functional orthotics
hard plastic, require neutral casting,
