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BOC > Chapter 17 - Pharmacology, Drugs, and Sports > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Pharmacology, Drugs, and Sports Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

branch of science that deals with the actions of drugs on biological systems, especially drugs that are used in medicine for diagnostic for therapeutic purposes

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2
Q

drug

A

chemical agent used in the prevention, treatment, or diagnosis of disease/pathology

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

methods by which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated or excreted by the body

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4
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

the actions or the effects of a drug on the body

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5
Q

inhalation

A

brings drug to respiratory tract

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6
Q

intradermal/subcutaneous

A

hypodermic needle injection

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7
Q

intramuscular

A

gluteal area or deltoid

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8
Q

intraspinal

A

anesthetization, withdrawal of spinal fluid

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9
Q

intravaginal

A

readily absorbed through mucosa

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10
Q

intravenous

A

immediate reaction to medication

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11
Q

sublingual /buccal

A

medicine dissolves in mouth and is absorbed by mucous lining

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12
Q

Inunctions

A

oily/medicated substances rubbed on skin

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13
Q

ointments

A

long-lasting topical medication

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14
Q

pastes

A

ointments with a nonfat base; spread onto cloth, usually having a cooling effect

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15
Q

plasters

A

thicker than ointments
usually an irritant applied as a counterirritant

used to decrease pain and inflammation

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16
Q

transdermal patches

A

patches with slow-release medications

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17
Q

solutions

A

antiseptics, disinfectants, vasoconstrictors

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18
Q

drug vehicle

A

therapeutically inactive substance that transports a drug, a drug is housed in a vehicle that is liquid or solid

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19
Q

liquid drug vehicle

A

aqueous solution, elixir, liniment, spirit, suspension, syrup

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20
Q

solid drug vehicle

A

ampule, capsule, ointment, paste, tablet, plaster, powder, suppository

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21
Q

absorption of drug determined by

A

chemical characteristics of the drug, dosage form, and gastric emptying time

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22
Q

efficacy of a drug

A

capability of the drug to produce a specific therapeutic effect once it reaches the target tissue

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23
Q

potency of a drug

A

dose of the drug that is required to produce a desired therapeutic effect

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24
Q

metabolism of a drug

A

biotransformation of drugs into water-soluble compounds that can be excreted

mostly takes place in liver

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25
Q

drug half-life

A

the rate at which a drug disappears from the body

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26
Q

steady state

A

when the mont of the drugs taken is equal to the amount that is excreted

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27
Q

administer

A

providing a single dose of medication for immediate use by the patient

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28
Q

dispense

A

providing the patient with a drug in a quantity sufficient to be used for multiple doeses

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29
Q

record keeping should include

A 
name, complaint/symptoms, current meds, 
known drug allergies, name of meds given, 
lot number, 
expiration date, 
quantity of medication given, 
method of administration,
date and time of administration
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30
Q

labeling requirements for drugs

A

name of the produce

name and address of the manufacturers, packer or distributor

net contents of the package

established name of all active ingredients on the quantity of certain other ingredients whether active or not

name of any habit forming drug contained

cautions and warnings to protect the consumer

adequate directions for same and effective use

expiration date and lot number

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31
Q

anesthetics

A

produce local or general numbness

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32
Q

antacids

A

neutralize acidity

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33
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent coagulation of blood

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34
Q

antidotes

A

prevent or counteract effect of poison

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35
Q

antiprurtics

A

relieve itching

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36
Q

antispetics

A

kill bacteria or inhibit their growth

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37
Q

antispasmodics

A

relieve muscle spasm

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38
Q

antitussives

A

inhibit or prevent coughing

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39
Q

astringents

A

cause contraction or puckering action

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40
Q

bacteriostatics

A

retard/inhibit growth of bacteria

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41
Q

carminatives

A

relieve flatulence (gas)

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42
Q

cathartics

A

evacuate substances from bowels

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43
Q

caustics

A

burning agents (capable of destroying living tissue)

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44
Q

counterirritants

A

produce an inflammatory reaction for relief of deeper inflammation

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45
Q

depressants

A

diminish body function or nerve activity

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46
Q

disinfectants

A

kill/inhibit growth of micro-organisms (apply to only nonliving material)

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47
Q

diuretics

A

increase excretion of urine

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48
Q

emetics

A

cause vomiting

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49
Q

expectorants

A

suppress coughing

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50
Q

hemostatics

A

slow down or stop bleeding or hemorrhage

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51
Q

irritants

A

cause irritation

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52
Q

narcotics

A

produce analgesic and hypnotic effects

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53
Q

sedatives

A

relieve anxiety

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54
Q

skeletal muscle relaxants

A

depress neural activity within skeletal muscle

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55
Q

vasoconstrictors and vasodilators

A

constrict or dilate blood vessel

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56
Q

alcohol

A

inexpensive, non-irritating, kills bacteria immediately

antiseptic, anstringent

57
Q

phenol

A

derivatives are more commonly used

58
Q

halogens

A

chemical substances (chlorine, fluoride, bromine)

iodophors (combo of iodine and a carrier)

59
Q

oxidizing agents

A

hydrogen peroxide (affects bacteria but readily decomposes in the presence of organic substances such as blood and pus)

doesn’t work well as an antiseptic

60
Q

most common fungi

A

epidermophyton
trichophyton
candida albicans

61
Q

athletes foot

A

ketoconazole, amphotericin B

62
Q

Griseofulvin

A

may become a functioning part of cutaneous tissue

63
Q

antibiotics

A

topical dressings or systemic medications

64
Q

penicillins / cephalosporins

A

antibiotics

interfere with metabolism of bacteria

65
Q

bacitracin, tetracycline

A

modifies infection rather than getting ride of it

antibiotic

66
Q

erythromycin

A

strep throat

antibiotic

67
Q

sulfonamides

A

antibiotic

makes pathogens vulnerable to phagocytes

68
Q

types of drugs for asthma

A

quick-relief meds

long term control

metered-dose inhalers

dry powder inhalers

69
Q

quick relief meds for asthma

A

short-acting beta 2 agonists (albuterol-bronchodilator)

anticholinergics

oral corticosteroids

70
Q

long term control meds for asthma

A

inhaled corticosteroids (prevent inflammation of chronic asthma), long-acting beta 2 agonists

71
Q

drugs that inhibit pain and inflammation

A

counterirritants and local anesthetics

narcotic analgesics

nonnarcotic analgesics and antipyretics

72
Q

counterirritants and local anesthetics

A 
spray coolants
alcohol  (evaporates and cools rapidly)
menthol (i.e. vix vaporub)
cold/ice - vasoconstriction and numbness
lydocaine
73
Q

narcotic analgesics

A

codeine

propoxyphene hydrochloride

morphine

74
Q

codeine

A

resembles morphine but is less potent

75
Q

propoxyphene hydrochloride

A

mild analgesic, stronger than aspirin, can be habit forming

76
Q

morphine

A

strong pain reliever
habit forming
can slow respiration

77
Q

nonnarcotic analgesics and antipyretics

A

acetominophen: non anti-inflammatory activity; over ingestion could cause liver damage

78
Q

drugs to reduce inflammation

A

aspirin, NSAIDs, Corticosteroids

79
Q

aspirin

A

acetylsalicylic acid

anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesisc,

GI side effects, should not be given to

80
Q

NSAIDs

A

non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis;
anti-inflammation
less side effects, longer duration

81
Q

corticosteroids

A

chronic inflammation

via injection,

can cause weakening/degeneration of tendons and ligaments

82
Q

Drugs for GI disorders

A

Antacids, antiemetics, carminatives, cathartics, Antidiarrheals, histamine-2 blockers

83
Q

Antacids (what does it do, what does it tx, common form)

A

neutralize acidity in upper GI
raises pH
inhibits digestive enzyme (pepsin)

tx: acid indigestion,heartburn, peptic ulcers
common: sodium bicarbonate

84
Q

Antiemetics

A

tx: nausea/vomiting

Phenegran, antihistaines, anticholinergic drugs for preventing motion sickness and sedative drugs

side effect: sleepiness

85
Q

Carminatives

A

relief from gas (flatulence)

inhibit gas formation in digestive canal and aid in its expulsion.

simethicone-commonly used

86
Q

cathartics

A

laxatives

should be used under direction of a physician

87
Q

antidiarrheals

A

locally acting medication

contain kaolin (absorbs other chemicals) and pectin (soothes irritated bowels)

some add bulk

most are prescription drugs (except loperamide/Imodium AD)

88
Q

Histamine-2 Blockers

A

reduce stomach acid output by blocking histamine on certain cells in the stomach

tx: peptic ulcers, gastic ulcers,

Tagamet, Zantac

89
Q

Drugs used to tx colds and allergies

A

nasal decongestants

antihistamines

cough medicines

sympathomimetics

90
Q

nasal decongestants

A

mild vasoconstricting agents (Afrin, Otivin)

prolonged used can cause congestion and dependency

Oral agents (Sudafed)

91
Q

Antihistamines

A

histamines cause dilation of arteries and capillaries, skin flushing, rise in skin temp

Benadryl, Claritin

can impair ability to sweat

92
Q

cough medicines

A

antitussives (suppress cough)
-contain - diphenhydraine, dextromethorphan, bezonatate

or increase production of fluid in respiratory system (expectorants)
-contain guaifenesin

93
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

used to tx exercise-induced asthma;

albuterol - bronchodilator

epinephrine - anaphylatic reaction

94
Q

drugs used to control bleeding

A

vasoconstrictors

hemostatic agents

anticoagulants

95
Q

Vasoconstrictors

A

epinephrine, applied to hemorrhaging area

96
Q

hemostatic agents

A

thrombin

97
Q

anticoagulants

A

common - herparin and coumarin derivatives

98
Q

herparin

A

prolongs clotting time of blood (controls extension of a present thrombus)

99
Q

coumarin

A

suppressing the formation of pro-thrombin in the liver

100
Q

drugs that increase rate of heat illness

A

drugs that affect CNS and PnS

anticholinergics and antihistamines - decrease peripheral sweating

sympathomimetic amines - vasoconstrictors could cause heat stroke

101
Q

Performance enhancing substances

A

stimulants, narcotica analgesics drugs, beta blockers, diuretics, anabolic steroids, androstenedione, human growth hormone

102
Q

stimulants

A

psychomotor stimulant drugs (amphetamines and non-amphetamine)

adrenergic dugs

103
Q

amphetamines

A

produce euphoria, increased sense of well-being, heightened mental activity

will cause fatigue, nervousness, insomnia, and anorexia

104
Q

caffeine

A

stimulates cerebral cortex
wakefulness
mental alertness

can raise BP, increase plasma levels of epinephrine and rennin

105
Q

narcotic analgesic drugs

A

derived from opium or synthetic opiates

morphine/codeine - pain management

106
Q

beta blockers (what they effect, used for, how they work)

A

beta: type of sympathetic nerve ending

used for hypertension and heart disease or by sports requiring steadiness

inhibit action of catecholamines - producing relaxation of blood vessels –> slows heart rate and decreases contractility of heart muscle and Cardiac output

107
Q

anabolic steroids

A

synthetically created chemical compounds who structure resembles naturally occurring testosterone

increease anabolic effect, and decrease androgenic side effects

common: anavar, dianabol, anadrol, finajet

108
Q

anabolic

A

promote nitrogen retention (protein synthesis in muscle)

109
Q

androgenic

A

growth development and maintenance of reproductive tissues and masculinization in males

110
Q

side effects of anabolic steroids

A

liver tumors, heart disease, hypertension, CNS dysfunction, irreversible changes to reproductive and endocrine systems

111
Q

THG

A

tetrahydrogestrinone

synthetic designer steroid

banned by U.S. Anti-doping agency

may be undetectable on drug tests

112
Q

Androstenedione

A

used to produce testosterone increases in males, and improve performance in females

banned by IOC, NCAA, NFL, MLB

113
Q

HGH

A

human growth hormone

produced by soma tropic cells of anterior pituitary

can be made synthetically

114
Q

Drug Testing

A

NCAA- all athletes sign consent forms

USOC - randomly tests

athletes provide identification and urinate in 2 bottles under direct observation

115
Q

banned substances by NCAA and USOC

A

anabolic steroids, diuretics, beta blockers, peptide hormones, stimulants (excluding permissed inahlants), caffeine (12 ug/mL for USOC and 15 ug/mL for NCAA), blood doping

116
Q

just banned by USOC

A

narcotic analgesics, skeletal muscle relaxants, cough/cold decongestants, injectable aesthetics, corticosteroids

117
Q

just banned by NCAA

A

substances that contain alcohol, stress drugs (heroin and marijuana)

118
Q

tylenol

A

pain killer, doesn’t really affect swelling,

acetaminophen

119
Q

IBprofuen

A

little pain relief, helps with swelling

type of NSAID, addaprin, blood thinner

120
Q

aleve

A

neproxin sodium

NSAID

blood thinner

121
Q

blood thinner (NSAID

A

mobic, motrin, bactrim, ibuprofen,

122
Q

therapeutic level

A

need at least 24-72 hours of medicine on a cycle to keep levels constant in the blood stream to establish a therapeutic level

123
Q

psychotropic meds

A 
riddlin, adderol, antidepressants, anti-anxiety, 
sertraline (Zoloft)
fluoxetine (Prozac)
citalopram (Celexa)
escitalopram (Lexapro)
paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva)
fluvoxamine (Luvox)
trazodone (Oleptro)
124
Q

chemical name

A

specifies the chemical structure

ex 4-(dimethyl-amino)

125
Q

generic name

A

name assigned to each drug entity

non-proprietary name

126
Q

trade name

A 
name associated with company that markets the drug
proprietary name (NyQuil)
127
Q

doxycycline

A

antibiotic

128
Q

generic name vs generic drug

A

every drug has a generic name, not all are sold as generic brands

129
Q

drugs classified based on

A

chemical structure, mechanism of action, based on legal action

130
Q

beta-adrenergic-agonists

A

albuterol, salmeterol

these are all drugs that bind to and stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors

131
Q

legal classifications

A

non-prescription, OTC, controlled substances, prescription drugs

132
Q

non-prescription

A

low frequency of adverse effects

no need for periodic monitoring requirements

effective at appropriate OTC dose

133
Q

prescription drugs

A

potential for adverse effects

requirements for monitoring

drug interactions

can only be used for a short time period

134
Q

controlled substance, scheduled drugs

A

potential for abuse

restrictions on distribution, storage, and record keeping

five schedules based on the potential for abuse and whether the drug has an accepted medical use

135
Q

controlled substance, schedule 1

A

high abuse potential
no accepted use in U.S.
Marijuana, LSD, Heroin

medical marijuana is not FDA approved

136
Q

controlled substance, schedule 2

A

high abuse

accepted medical sue in US

cocaine, amphetamine, morphine, demerol, oxycontin, hydrocodone, ritalin

137
Q

controlled substance, schedule 3

A

lower abuse potential than schedule 2
accepted medical use in U.S.

ex: anabolic steroids, tylenol #3 (tylenol with codeine)

138
Q

controlled substance, schedule 4

A

lower abuse potential than schedule 3
accepted medial use

ex: valium, xanax

139
Q

controlled substance, schedule 5

A

lowest abuse potential
contain small amounts of drug
may be nonprescription in some states

example: cough syrup with codeine

BOC (49 decks)

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