Imaging Techniques Flashcards
plain film radiography
x-ray
identify fx and dislocation , bone abnormalities.
arthrography
visual study of a joint via x-ray after injection of an opaque dye, air, or a combo into joint space
show disruption of soft tissue and loose bodies in a joint
arthorscopy
invasive.
fiber-optic endoscope used for performing surgical procedures
myelography
opaque dye is introduced into the spinal canal (epidural space) through lumbar puncture
detects: tumors, nerve root compression, disk disease
Computed Tomography
CT
fan-shaped x-ray beam, produces cross-sectional views of tissues; can view from multiple angles
bone scan
intravenous radioactive trace
dectects: bony lesions where there is inflammation
magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
powerful electromagnets.
produces clear image
ultrasonography
use of US to view location, measurement,, delineation of an organ or tissue by measuring the reflexion or transmission of high-freq US waves
Echocardiography
uses US to produce graphic record of internal cardiac structures
arteriogram
catheter inserted into blood vessel, contrast material injected, radiographs taken.
venogram
radiographic procedures used to image veins filled with contrast medium.
doppler ultrasonography
uses US to examine blood flow in the major arteries and veins in arms and legs.
dx: blood clot, venous insufficiency, arterial occlusions, abnormalities in blood flow
ECG
electrocardiogrpahy
records electrical activity of the heart to diagnose causes of abnormal cardiac rhythm and myocardial disease
EEG
electroencephalography
records electrical activity of the brain, to detect abnormal brain waves
EMG
electromyography
graphic recording of a muscle contraction and the amount of electrical activity generated in a muscle
RBC count
norm: 4.8-5.4 million/mm^3
detects anemias, prolonged infection, iron deficiencies, internal bleeding, cancers
hemoglobin measure
12-16.5 g/100 mL
assoc with RBC count, reflects overall blood volume
hematocrit
measures how much of total blood is made up of RBCs
norm: 38-54%
low hematocrit = anemia
WBC count
norm: 5000-9000/mm^3
used to determine presence of bacteria
platelet count
norm: 250,000-400,000/mm^3
low platelet count can lead to dangerous internal bleeding
serium cholesterol
desirable range :
Urinanalysis
specific gravity, pH, ketones, hemoglobin, protein, nitrate, microscopic examination, urine culture, electrolytes - hormones - and drug levels
specific gravity (urine)
ability of kidneys to concentrate and dilute fluids
pH (urine)
may be acidic in cases of diabetes or dehydration; alkaline urine is present in UTIs and kidney disease
glucose may indicate diabetes
ketones (urine)
indicate diabetes (byproduct of fat metabolism)
hemoglobin (urine)
may appear in urine after intense exercise or from kidney disease
protein (urine)
kidney disease
nitrate (urine)
infection
