Imaging Techniques

Question 1

plain film radiography

Answer 1

x-ray

identify fx and dislocation , bone abnormalities.

Question 2

arthrography

Answer 2

visual study of a joint via x-ray after injection of an opaque dye, air, or a combo into joint space

show disruption of soft tissue and loose bodies in a joint

Question 3

arthorscopy

Answer 3

invasive.

fiber-optic endoscope used for performing surgical procedures

Question 4

myelography

Answer 4

opaque dye is introduced into the spinal canal (epidural space) through lumbar puncture

detects: tumors, nerve root compression, disk disease

Question 5

Computed Tomography

Answer 5

CT

fan-shaped x-ray beam, produces cross-sectional views of tissues; can view from multiple angles

Question 6

bone scan

Answer 6

intravenous radioactive trace

dectects: bony lesions where there is inflammation

Question 7

magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 7

MRI
powerful electromagnets.
produces clear image

Question 8

ultrasonography

Answer 8

use of US to view location, measurement,, delineation of an organ or tissue by measuring the reflexion or transmission of high-freq US waves

Question 9

Echocardiography

Answer 9

uses US to produce graphic record of internal cardiac structures

Question 10

arteriogram

Answer 10

catheter inserted into blood vessel, contrast material injected, radiographs taken.

Question 11

venogram

Answer 11

radiographic procedures used to image veins filled with contrast medium.

Question 12

doppler ultrasonography

Answer 12

uses US to examine blood flow in the major arteries and veins in arms and legs.

dx: blood clot, venous insufficiency, arterial occlusions, abnormalities in blood flow

Question 13

ECG

Answer 13

electrocardiogrpahy

records electrical activity of the heart to diagnose causes of abnormal cardiac rhythm and myocardial disease

Question 14

EEG

Answer 14

electroencephalography

records electrical activity of the brain, to detect abnormal brain waves

Question 15

EMG

Answer 15

electromyography

graphic recording of a muscle contraction and the amount of electrical activity generated in a muscle

Question 16

RBC count

Answer 16

norm: 4.8-5.4 million/mm^3

detects anemias, prolonged infection, iron deficiencies, internal bleeding, cancers

Question 17

hemoglobin measure

Answer 17

12-16.5 g/100 mL

assoc with RBC count, reflects overall blood volume

Question 18

hematocrit

Answer 18

measures how much of total blood is made up of RBCs

norm: 38-54%

low hematocrit = anemia

Question 19

WBC count

Answer 19

norm: 5000-9000/mm^3

used to determine presence of bacteria

Question 20

platelet count

Answer 20

norm: 250,000-400,000/mm^3

low platelet count can lead to dangerous internal bleeding

Question 21

serium cholesterol

Answer 21

desirable range :

Question 22

Urinanalysis

Answer 22

specific gravity, pH, ketones, hemoglobin, protein, nitrate, microscopic examination, urine culture, electrolytes - hormones - and drug levels

Question 23

specific gravity (urine)

Answer 23

ability of kidneys to concentrate and dilute fluids

Question 24

pH (urine)

Answer 24

may be acidic in cases of diabetes or dehydration; alkaline urine is present in UTIs and kidney disease

glucose may indicate diabetes

Question 25

ketones (urine)

Answer 25

indicate diabetes (byproduct of fat metabolism)

Question 26

hemoglobin (urine)

Answer 26

may appear in urine after intense exercise or from kidney disease

Question 27

protein (urine)

Answer 27

kidney disease

Question 28

nitrate (urine)

Answer 28

infection