Measurements

Question 1

patella alta

Answer 1

greater than 1:1 (ratio of patella tendon length to the height of the patella)

Question 2

patella baja

Answer 2

less than 1:1 (ratio of patella tendon length to the height of the patella)

Question 3

normal angulation of the femoral neck after 8 years of age

Answer 3

15 degrees

Question 4

anteversion/retroversion

Answer 4

increase from 20 degrees in the angulation of femoral neck (anteversion)

decrease - retroversion)

Question 5

measuring tibial torsion

Answer 5

pt kneels on stool with foot relaxed
line drawn from center of thigh and lower leg, bisecting the middle of the heel and the bottom of the foot

another line starts at center of middle toe and crosses the heel

angle of more or less than 15 degrees measures tibial torsion

Question 6

internal rotation of hip caused by

Answer 6

week external rotators or foot pronation

Question 7

determining patellar tilt

Answer 7

if the heigh of the medial border is more anterior than the lateral than a positive lateral tilt exists

Question 8

functional leg length

Answer 8

umbilicus to medial malleolous

Question 9

true leg length

Answer 9

ASIS to lateral malleolous

Question 10

girth measurements (knee)

Answer 10

8-10 cm above joint line, 2 cm above patella, joint line (tibial plateau), tibial tubercle, belly of gastroc

Question 11

Q-Angle

Answer 11

draw line from middle of patella to the ASIS

draw line from tibial tubercle through center of patella

measured with the knee fully extended and the knee flexed at 30 degrees

Question 12

normal Q angle

Answer 12

10 degrees for males

15 degrees for females

Question 13

pathological Q ANGLE

Answer 13

exceed 20 degrees

can cause improper patellar tracking in the femoral groove

Question 14

A Angle

Answer 14

measures the patella orientation to the tibial tubercle

line that bisects the patella longitudinally and a line from the tibial tubercle to the apex of the inferior pole of the patella

Question 15

pathological A angle

Answer 15

greater than 35 degrees = patellofemoral pathomechanics

Question 16

apparent discrepancy (leg length)

Answer 16

leg shortening can occur as a result of lateral pelvic tilt (obliquely) or from flexion or adduction deformity

Question 17

function discrepancy (leg length)

Answer 17

deformity (ex. valgus knee) that cannot be treated or fixed

Question 18

anatomical discrepancy

Answer 18

shortening equal throughout the femur or lower leg

Question 19

angle of inclination

Answer 19

angular relationship of the femoral head and the femoral shaft

Question 20

increase in the angle of inclination

Answer 20

coxa valga, 140 or greater

Question 21

normal angle of inclination

Answer 21

about 130

Question 22

decrease in the angle of inclination

Answer 22

110 or less coxa vara

Question 23

coxa valga associated with

Answer 23

genu varum or laterally positioned patellae, reduced mechanical adv of glute mede

Question 24

coxa vara associated with

Answer 24

genu valgum or medial patella (squinting), reduced mechanical adv of glute mede

Question 25

anteverted femur

Answer 25

increases of greater than 20 degrees (angle of torsion)

causes internal femoral rotation, squinting patellae, toe in (pigeon toed), decrease in external rotation, and an increase in internal rotation

Question 26

retroverted femur

Answer 26

angel of torsion is less than 15 degrees

results in toe out, lateral patella, decrease in hip internal rotation and an increase in external rotation.

Question 27

Nelaton’s line

Answer 27

draw from ASIS to ischial tuberosity

location of greater tuberosity superior to this line indicates coxa vara

Question 28

T3 lines up with

Answer 28

medial border of the scapular spine

Question 29

T7 lines up with the

Answer 29

inferior angle

Question 30

C7

Answer 30

prominent bulge seen in neck flexion

Question 31

T1

Answer 31

right below C7, does not disappear in ext

Question 32

C1

Answer 32

finger’s breadth below mastoid processes

Question 33

L3

Answer 33

normally lines up with umbilicus

Question 34

L4

Answer 34

level with iliac crest

Question 35

L5

Answer 35

dimples

Question 36

S2

Answer 36

PSIS`

Question 37

L1-L2 motor neuron testing

Answer 37

Lumbar Plexus

Question 38

L3 motor neuron testing

Answer 38

femoral nerve

Question 39

L4-L5 motor neuron testing

Answer 39

Deep peroneal neuron

Question 40

S1 motor neuron testing

Answer 40

superficial peroneal

Question 41

S2 motor neuron testing

Answer 41

tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

Question 42

C5 motor neuron testing

Answer 42

Axillary nerve

Question 43

C4 motor neuron testing

Answer 43

dorsal scapular

Question 44

C6 motor neuron testing

Answer 44

musculotaneous

Question 45

C7 motor neuron testing

Answer 45

radial

Question 46

C8 motor neuron testing

Answer 46

median

Question 47

T1 motor neuron testing

Answer 47

medial branch cutaneous

Question 48

deep tendon reflex at biceps and brachioradialis

Answer 48

musculotaneous

Question 49

deep tendon reflex at triceps

Answer 49

radial

Question 50

carrying angle

Answer 50

10-15 women; 5-10 men

increased (cubitus valgus)
decreased (cubitus varus)

Question 51

tibia angled medially more than 5 degrees (relative to femur)

Answer 51

genu valgum

increase pressure on lateral joint, medially - tensile forces, foot pronation, internal tibial rotation, medial patellar position, internal femoral rotation (anteversion)

Question 52

tibial angled laterally more than 5 degrees (relative to femur

Answer 52

increased tension on lateral forces, compression on medial joint structures, foot supination, external tibial rotation, lateral patella position, external femoral rotation (retroversion)