Measurements Flashcards
patella alta
greater than 1:1 (ratio of patella tendon length to the height of the patella)
patella baja
less than 1:1 (ratio of patella tendon length to the height of the patella)
normal angulation of the femoral neck after 8 years of age
15 degrees
anteversion/retroversion
increase from 20 degrees in the angulation of femoral neck (anteversion)
decrease - retroversion)
measuring tibial torsion
pt kneels on stool with foot relaxed
line drawn from center of thigh and lower leg, bisecting the middle of the heel and the bottom of the foot
another line starts at center of middle toe and crosses the heel
angle of more or less than 15 degrees measures tibial torsion
internal rotation of hip caused by
week external rotators or foot pronation
determining patellar tilt
if the heigh of the medial border is more anterior than the lateral than a positive lateral tilt exists
functional leg length
umbilicus to medial malleolous
true leg length
ASIS to lateral malleolous
girth measurements (knee)
8-10 cm above joint line, 2 cm above patella, joint line (tibial plateau), tibial tubercle, belly of gastroc
Q-Angle
draw line from middle of patella to the ASIS
draw line from tibial tubercle through center of patella
measured with the knee fully extended and the knee flexed at 30 degrees
normal Q angle
10 degrees for males
15 degrees for females
pathological Q ANGLE
exceed 20 degrees
can cause improper patellar tracking in the femoral groove
A Angle
measures the patella orientation to the tibial tubercle
line that bisects the patella longitudinally and a line from the tibial tubercle to the apex of the inferior pole of the patella
pathological A angle
greater than 35 degrees = patellofemoral pathomechanics
apparent discrepancy (leg length)
leg shortening can occur as a result of lateral pelvic tilt (obliquely) or from flexion or adduction deformity
function discrepancy (leg length)
deformity (ex. valgus knee) that cannot be treated or fixed
anatomical discrepancy
shortening equal throughout the femur or lower leg
angle of inclination
angular relationship of the femoral head and the femoral shaft
increase in the angle of inclination
coxa valga, 140 or greater
normal angle of inclination
about 130
decrease in the angle of inclination
110 or less coxa vara
coxa valga associated with
genu varum or laterally positioned patellae, reduced mechanical adv of glute mede
coxa vara associated with
genu valgum or medial patella (squinting), reduced mechanical adv of glute mede
anteverted femur
increases of greater than 20 degrees (angle of torsion)
causes internal femoral rotation, squinting patellae, toe in (pigeon toed), decrease in external rotation, and an increase in internal rotation
retroverted femur
angel of torsion is less than 15 degrees
results in toe out, lateral patella, decrease in hip internal rotation and an increase in external rotation.
Nelaton’s line
draw from ASIS to ischial tuberosity
location of greater tuberosity superior to this line indicates coxa vara
T3 lines up with
medial border of the scapular spine
T7 lines up with the
inferior angle
C7
prominent bulge seen in neck flexion
T1
right below C7, does not disappear in ext
C1
finger’s breadth below mastoid processes
L3
normally lines up with umbilicus
L4
level with iliac crest
L5
dimples
S2
PSIS`
L1-L2 motor neuron testing
Lumbar Plexus
L3 motor neuron testing
femoral nerve
L4-L5 motor neuron testing
Deep peroneal neuron
S1 motor neuron testing
superficial peroneal
S2 motor neuron testing
tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve
C5 motor neuron testing
Axillary nerve
C4 motor neuron testing
dorsal scapular
C6 motor neuron testing
musculotaneous
C7 motor neuron testing
radial
C8 motor neuron testing
median
T1 motor neuron testing
medial branch cutaneous
deep tendon reflex at biceps and brachioradialis
musculotaneous
deep tendon reflex at triceps
radial
carrying angle
10-15 women; 5-10 men
increased (cubitus valgus)
decreased (cubitus varus)
tibia angled medially more than 5 degrees (relative to femur)
genu valgum
increase pressure on lateral joint, medially - tensile forces, foot pronation, internal tibial rotation, medial patellar position, internal femoral rotation (anteversion)
tibial angled laterally more than 5 degrees (relative to femur
increased tension on lateral forces, compression on medial joint structures, foot supination, external tibial rotation, lateral patella position, external femoral rotation (retroversion)
