MAT - Leather

Question 1

processed animal skin, mostly that of cattle; expensive for several reasons: labor-intensive, aniline dyes are costly, and high rejection rate of finished products

Answer 1

Leather

Question 2

skin of a fully grown cow; center portion is called “bend,” yields the best quality hide

ranging from 4.6sqm to 5.5sqm

Answer 2

Cattle Hide

Question 3

hide of a young animal and is considerably smaller; characterized by its softness, suppleness, and fine grain

about 2.3sqm to 3.2sqm

Answer 3

Calfskin

Question 4

aka “full-top-grain;” possesses the genuine original grain of the hide; has the least amount of surface imperfections

Answer 4

Full-Grain Leather

Question 5

second-highest quality leather; thinner and more pliable than full-grain; finish coat is added to the surface which results in a colder, plastic feel, with less breathability

Answer 5

Top-Grain Leather

Question 6

any leather that has an artificial grain applied to its surface; imperfections are sanded off, and an artificial grain is then impressed into the surface and dressed with stain and dyes

Answer 6

Corrected-Grain Leather

Question 7

created from the fibrous part of the hide that is left, once the top grain has been separated; the inside layer is often finished as suede

Answer 7

Split Leather

Question 8

leather that has undergone a type of tanning process that uses animal brain or other fatty materials

Answer 8

Buckskin or Brained Leather

Question 9

type of leather given a high gloss finish; usually black, and is coated with lacquer

Answer 9

Patent Leather

Question 10

aka “stingray skin/leather;” used in furniture since art deco periods; term originates from France

Answer 10

Shagreen

Question 11

leather from the skin of unborn calves; soft and is highly valued

Answer 11

Slink

Question 12

aka “reconstituted leather;” is composed of 90% - 100% leather fiber bonded together with latex binders to create a look and feel similar to that of leather

Answer 12

Bonded Leather

Question 13

a split leather with a layer of polyurethane applied to the surface, and then embossed; originally made for the shoe industry

Answer 13

Bycast Leather

Question 14

used to preserve the hide; puts the life back into a leather hide by replacing the natural gelatinous materials found in the skin

Answer 14

Tanning

Question 15

used to preserve the hide; puts the life back into a leather hide by replacing the natural gelatinous materials found in the skin; makes the leather strong, supple, and enduring

Answer 15

Tanning

Question 16

a tanning solution based on chromium salts; accept dyes well, including rich, vibrant colors

Answer 16

Mineral Tanning

Question 17

hides are submerged in the solution and tannins; basis of the tanning are tree barks, typically oak, and water; have a heavier feel and distinct smell

Answer 17

Vegetable Tanning

Question 18

produces a hide that is quite supple, with a limited acceptance of dyes

Answer 18

Combination Tanning

Question 19

can color the leather and help to protect it from hard wear; dyeing, embossing, and water- or stain-proofing may be part of the finishing process

Answer 19

Finishing

Question 20

translucent and comparable to stains for wood that do not contain opaque pigments; best quality upholstery leathers have undergone this dye

Answer 20

Aniline Dye

Question 21

contains some pigments; use of this helps to ensure uniformity in color among many hides

Answer 21

Semi-Aniline Dyes