MAT - Floor Coverings

Question 1

comes from the Old Italian word “carpita,” or “carpire” meaning to “pluck;” it often use interchangeably with “rug”

Answer 1

Carpet

Question 2

used for centuries in manufacturing carpets; the standard against which other carpet fibers are judged; naturally flame resistant; the most expensive carpet fiber and is commonly used in woven carpets

Answer 2

Wool

Question 3

wool that accepts dye easily; colors with great clarity and uniformity; staples are lustrous and tough, color is almost white

Answer 3

New Zealand Wool

Question 4

wool that is noted for its gloss and sheen, with natural resistance to soiling

Answer 4

Argentinean Wool

Question 5

a crush-resistant wool

Answer 5

Indian Wool

Question 6

wool that is the most luxurious and costly of wool; has high abrasion resistance, and durability

Answer 6

Iraqi Wool

Question 7

wool from a Scottish black face sheep; finest of all carpet wool with staples as long as 15in

Answer 7

Scottish Wool

Question 8

a natural product that grows like grass, light cream, or oatmeal in color; strong, woody fiber produced from the leaves of the agave plant; tends to stain and crush easily but it’s still stronger and more durable than any natural fiber

Answer 8

Sisal (Scratch Rush)

Question 9

made from corn husks; natural, organic, and eco-friendly, and its incredibly stain resistant

Answer 9

Maize

Question 10

strong and flexible hair-like fiber from coconut shells; pale yellow fibers are spun into yarn; it is tough, does not pill, and can withstand a great deal of abrasion; highly resistant and is proven to be unfriendly to insects

Answer 10

Coir (Coconut Plush)

Question 11

softer than woold but is less durable; does not resist stains and also absorbs moisture

Answer 11

Cotton

Question 12

the softest of all fibers; absorbent but it may deteriorate; may fade or darken in color when exposed to sunlight; disintegrates with prolonged exposure to moisture

Answer 12

Jute

Question 13

the most popular carpet fiber used today; versatile, easy to maintain and clean, and withstands heavy foot traffic; often combined with wool for durability

Answer 13

Nylon

Question 14

one of the first synthetic fibers used successfully in the production of carpets; used as a staple fiber and has the lowest static build-up factor; highly resistant to sunlight, stains, and mildew; found mostly in bath mats, and rugs

Answer 14

Acrylic

Question 15

aka “modified acrylic;” better heat retention and is flame retardant as compared to acrylic

Answer 15

Modacrylic

Question 16

soft and luxurious; strong, durable with high abrasion resistance; dyes wells producing clear colors which resist fading; has low static build-up factor

Answer 16

Polyester

Question 17

newest and one of the most economical; lightest commercial carpet fiber; absorbs moisture, resists stains, cleans well, and is almost completely free of static build-up; commonly used for outdoor carpeting

Answer 17

Polypropylene Olefins

Question 18

a part of a carpet that is composed of the pile, which is the upright ends of yarn whether cut or looped

Answer 18

Face

Question 19

a part of a carpet that is considered the foundation of the carpet where the yarns are woven; yarns need a “ground” on which to “hook” themselves

Answer 19

Primary Backing

Question 20

a mixed synthetic natural rubber compound used to glue on the “roots” of the yarns onto the cotton canvas backing to which they are woven

Answer 20

Latex

Question 21

aka “carpet pad;” bonded to the primary backing in the latex stage; designed to add dimensional stability, provide added protection, and ensure that the latex adhesive gives proper binding

Answer 21

Secondary Backing

Question 22

far less expensive and faster to produce than woven carpet; this enabled the mass production of an affordably priced textile floor covering; constructed by punching tufts of yarn into a backing

Answer 22

Tufting

Question 23

the traditional way of making a carpet on a loom; produced by intertwining the surface pile and the backing simultaneously into an integrated whole

Answer 23

Weaving

Question 24

the least complex weaving method and the most inexpensive; used primarily to produce sold color carpet; similar to Wilton looms but without the jacquard mechanism

Answer 24

Velvet

Question 25

carpet weaving process named after a town in England; constructed on a modified jacquard loom; used to produce carpet of more than one color, with as many as five color possible

Answer 25

Wilton

Question 26

similar to woven carpet because pile and backing are made in a single operation; uses three sets of needles to loop the pile backing tarn and the stitching yarns together

Answer 26

Knitting

Question 27

fibers, usually acrylic are polypropylene are punched into a web of synthetic to form a homogenized layer of fiber; hundred of barbed needles punch through the support fabric, compressing and entangling the fibers

Answer 27

Needle-Punched Carpet

Question 28

uses an electrostatic method; dyed short ends of the fiber are electro-statically treated and sprayed onto an electrically charged backing sheet which has been treated with adhesive

Answer 28

Flocked Carpet

Question 29

created by cutting each loop of a pile; produces a wide range of textures

Answer 29

Cut Pile

Question 30

a smooth cut pile; the cut ends of the yarn blend with each other for a consistent surface appearance; has a luxurious look and feel

Answer 30

Cut Pile Plush

Question 31

the texture between cut pile plush and cut pile shag; has twisted yarn, which gives definition to each tuft; made with heat-set yarn, usually dench, low-pile construction

Answer 31

Saxony Plush

Question 32

a multi-directional, high pile twist, giving an attractive informal look; heavily textured surface created by the long, twisting yarns

Answer 32

Shag

Question 33

created by weaving, tufting, or knitting the pile yarn into loops; left uncut, and is sometimes referred to as "round wire" in woven carpets; tougher and more easily maintained than cut pile

Answer 33

Loop Pile

Question 34

the entire surface is made of uniform uncut loops, which are of the same height; very sturdy, and offers a little textural variation; has pebbled surface texture that conceals soilage and hides footprints and other indentations such as chair caster and furniture marks

Answer 34

Level Loop Pile

Question 35

the surface is made of different pile heights; all uncut loops, which tend to give a dimensional character to the carpet; this loop is capable of producing sculptured patterns

Answer 35

Multilevel Loop

Question 36

adds a degree of warmth to an all-loop pile; can be produced in tufted and woven constructions

Answer 36

Combination Loop and Cut Pile

Question 37

in the loop surface, some of the loops are cut and some remain uncut; adds interest to colors and vied a desirable pattern effect

Answer 37

Level Type Shear

Question 38

loops are sheared to different heights, forming a pattern that can be definite or irregular; produces tonal contrast between the cut and uncut loops of varying heights

Answer 38

Random Shear

Question 39

process of incising a design into a carpet or rug which has already been woven

Answer 39

Carving

Question 40

used between colors in a multicolor design rug in order to accentuate and give a design some dimension

Answer 40

Hairline Carving

Question 41

is the process of actually weaving a design into a low level rather than shearing down or carving it into the carpet

Answer 41

Recessing

Question 42

is the process of weaving a design in a higher level

Answer 42

Embossing

Question 43

rounding off those parts of a carpet that have already been carved, recessed, or embossed

Answer 43

Beveling

Question 44

accomplished by pre-dyeing the carpet fibers before the carpet is manufactured; most carpet undergoes this process because this process allows manufacturers to respond quickly

Answer 44

Dyeing

Question 45

simulates the intricate patterns of woven carpet at a much lower cost; patterns are applied to the carpet after it is manufactured

Answer 45

Printing

Question 46

employs flat templates or screens through which dyes are forced to form the finished pattern on the carpet pile

Answer 46

Screen Printing

Question 47

an electrostatic charge forces the pre-metallized dyes used in this process deep into the pile; it puts down all the colors in the design at the same time

Answer 47

Deep-dye Printing

Question 48

employs embossed cylinders to deposit the design on the face of the carpet; each cylinder paints a different color

Answer 48

Roller Printing

Question 49

utilizes rows of very closely spaced jets that spray the carpet with color as it passes by; this process does not crush the carpet pile

Answer 49

Jet Printing

Question 50

a traditional method of installation; referred to as "lining" or "cushioning;" increases wearability, gives added insulation, helps deaden sound, and provides comfort underfoot

Answer 50

Carpet Cushion or Underlay

Question 51

made by needle-punching natural fiber, synthetic fiber, or a combination of the two, into a felt-like pad; antimicrobial treatments are recommended for natural fiber pads due to being susceptible to mold and mildew

Answer 51

Fiber Cushions

Question 52

are flat sponge, ripple (waffle) sponge, or reinforced foam rubber; flat sponge provides a firm feel, ripple sponge provides a softer feel

Answer 52

Sponge Rubber Cushions

Question 53

manufactured from scraps of foam bonded together through an adhesive and heat fusion process; types include bonded, modified prime, and densified prime urethane foam

Answer 53

Polyurethane Foam Cushion

Question 54

aka "stretch-in installation;" a traditional installation whereby pre-tacked thin strips of plywood are fastened all around the perimeter of the space to be carpeted, the carpet is stretched up to these strips and then edge attached to the stripping

Answer 54

Tackless Stripping

Question 55

usually employed with a bonded carpet; highly density foam rubber is used as the secondary backing and is cemented directly to the floor

Answer 55

Glue-Down Method

Question 56

the most common method of commercial installation; economical, and practical; the most dimensionally stable installation and is often required for stair or ramp applications

Answer 56

Direct Glue-down

Question 57

installation method combines the underfoot comfort of stretch-in installation with the stability of the direct glue-down method; the carpet cushion is adhered to the floor the carper is then glued to the cushion

Answer 57

Double Glue-down

Question 58

the latest developemt in carpet installation; flexible adhesive layer is applied to the carpet backing and covered with a protective plastic film

Answer 58

Self-Stick

Question 59

a single piece compact, woven, knitted, or tufted fabric, has borders, and is intended as a floor covering; manufactured of natural or man-made fibers and produced in various shapes and sizes

Answer 59

Rugs

Question 60

rugs that are 100 years old or more

Answer 60

Antique

Question 61

rugs that are between 50 to 100 years old

Answer 61

Semi-Antique or Old

Question 62

a value in oriental rugs that depends entirely on the durability of the fabric as a floor covering

Answer 62

Utility Value

Question 63

a value in oriental rugs that depends upon the color and design rather than upon the texture

Answer 63

Art Value

Question 64

a value in oriental rugs that depends upon the rarity of the art value

Answer 64

Collector's Value

Question 65

the parallel strings stretched from loom beam to loom beam; stationary threads on the loom; the strongest part of the rug

Answer 65

Warps

Question 66

the filling yarn that is woven through the warps; they run across the width of the rug, over and under the warp strings and between rows of knots

Answer 66

Wefts

Question 67

the surface of the yarn that makes up the face of the rug

Answer 67

Pile

Question 68

these are tied by looping yarn around pairs of warps and cutting off the standing end

Answer 68

Knots

Question 69

made by wrapping several warps at the edge of the rug with yarn to reinforce this part of the rug

Answer 69

Edge Bindings

Question 70

hold knots and wefts from working off the rug's warp strings

Answer 70

End Finishes

Question 71

formed by gathering and knotting together bundles of warp strings at both ends of the rug after the rug has been cut from the loom

Answer 71

Fringes

Question 72

the background of the rug inside the borders; may be solid color or patterned

Answer 72

Field

Question 73

composed of decorative designs repeated in one direction around the outside of the rug

Answer 73

Border

Question 74

the widest decorative design around the outside of the rug

Answer 74

Main Border

Question 75

the narrow decorative designs flanking the main border

Answer 75

Ground Borders

Question 76

the round, oval polygonal design element that sometimes occupies the center of the field

Answer 76

The Medallion

Question 77

these are designs which sometimes fill the corners of the field

Answer 77

Corner Bracket or Spandrels

Question 78

the pile is woven between two backings and then split down the middle, so you get two separate rugs

Answer 78

Wilton Loom

Question 79

originated in Glasgow, Scotland; known to be the most expensive rug-weaving method as 2 loom operations are required; a dense pile with a wide range of designs, colors, widths, and depths

Answer 79

Chenille

Question 80

the weaver pushes a hooking tool through the foundation cloth to the front of the rug, then pulls the yarn to the back, leaving a loop on the surface

Answer 80

Hand Hooked

Question 81

an inked-on foundation cloth is stretched over a loom; it pushes the yarn through the back of the cloth

Answer 81

Hand Tufted

Question 82

each knot is individually tied by hand; this is known to be the best kind of rug construction

Answer 82

Hand Knotted

Question 83

an asymmetric knot invented by the Persians, who developed the art of rug making; a short piece of thread is laid across the warps (twi) but one end is carried down outside and up between the 2 warp threads; aka "Sehna Knot," or "Senneh Knot"

Answer 83

Persian Knot

Question 84

a symmetrical knot structure; a short piece of thread is laid across two warps, and the ends are carried down outside and up between them and pulled tight; aka "Ghiordes Knot"

Answer 84

Turkish Knot

Question 85

a rug type that is woven without knots; constructed without a pile, but colored weft yarns are woven through the warps to create the pattern, like Kilims, Soumaks, or Cashmere

Answer 85

Flat Weave

Question 86

rugs of the tribal and primitive village people of Persia; each tribe is distinguished by its own rug style

Answer 86

Geometric Rugs

Question 87

woven with sharp reds, blues, and off whites

Answer 87

Kazakh

Question 88

woven with bright yellows, greens, ad red predominate

Answer 88

Bachtiari

Question 89

woven rugs usually in some shade of red and until today, some in ivory

Answer 89

Boukara

Question 90

made by educated urban people; usually made of fine quality wool, intricate flowing patterns indicate a sophisticated lifestyle; named after the cities in the past

Answer 90

Floral Rugs

Question 91

made by townspeople who make their living weaving during the winter; tends to use repetitive, stylized rugs; small motifs are repeated again and again

Answer 91

Conventional Rugs

Question 92

generally have a delicately colored all-over pattern of flowers, vines, or leaves, which start from a center medallion and almost completely cover the background color; soft and delicate colors blending with one another

Answer 92

Persian

Question 93

the entire field is covered with a repeating pattern of palm leaves with rose or blue ground; came from Mir, and the finest of these rugs are called "Mir-_________"

Answer 93

Saraband

Question 94

coarse pule weaving is intricately done and stately designed on the claret ground; uses Turkish Knot

Answer 94

Ispahan Herat

Question 95

camel's hair rug with a coarse weave in light browns, reds and blues

Answer 95

Hamadan

Question 96

fine pile is soft cream, rose, light blue and other pastel colors

Answer 96

Kerman and Kermanshah

Question 97

fine pile in dark reds and blues mixed with lighter colors

Answer 97

Sarouk

Question 98

as thick as two or three ordinary rugs

Answer 98

Bijar

Question 99

delicately colored antique silk rug

Answer 99

Polonnaise

Question 100

close woven small rough with minute pattern

Answer 100

Sehna

Question 101

usually produced with a small all-over deisng of florwers or conventional forms arrayed in rows

Answer 101

Feraghan

Question 102

a hand-woven pile rug of coarse quality characterized by an abstract design that relies upon an open field of color and playfulness with geometry; thicker and coarser than other Persian carpets

Answer 102

Gabbeh

Question 103

decorated with motifs of flowers, vines, and animals; characterized by more brilliant colors and a more naturalistic style

Answer 103

Indian

Question 104

closely woven with short, firm piles, predominantly red with designs including squares, diamonds, octagons, and other simple angular motifs

Answer 104

Turkoman

Question 105

small rugs with contrasting, strong colors woven by nomadic tribes with geometric designs; often incorporating stylized people and animals

Answer 105

Caucasian

Question 106

aka "Asia-Manor;" woven in both geometric, and floral designs but with smaller patterns than the Persian or Indian, brighter sharper colors than the Turkoman or Caucasian

Answer 106

Turkish

Question 107

recognizable by their soft ground colors of yellow, rose, salmon-red, beige, and brown; the designs are ________ religious symbols

Answer 107

Chinese

Question 108

colorful hand-woven rugs of wool in Indian reservations; motifs are primitive geometric patterns, stripes, and borders; weave is flat

Answer 108

American Indian

Question 109

coarse, heavy rugs originally meant as bedspreads, hand-loomed by peasants; bold designs are woven in 2 to 10 colors, including tree of life patterns, flowers, leaves, and grapes

Answer 109

Alpujira

Question 110

Portuguese hand-embroidered accent rugs made in either bright or pastel colors

Answer 110

Aubusson

Question 111

hand-made by Americans consisting of many fabric scraps braided and sewn together into colorful round or oval rugs of various sizes; found in the Appalachians

Answer 111

Braided

Question 112

a Tibetan carpet of Kelim weave; a flat-woven and reversible rug; made of cotton, and wool, and this is extremely practical

Answer 112

Dhurrie

Question 113

shaggy wool area rugs made in Greece; in solid colors as well as natural off-white shade

Answer 113

Flokati

Question 114

from Turkey, Rumania, Morocco, or Hungary; hand-woven rugs with all-over geometric patterns with a center motif; colors are strong usually deep red or blue; very durable

Answer 114

Kelim or Kilim or Kelem

Question 115

hand-woven from Morocco with a thick, shaggy pile, and fringed edges; dominant geometric patterns with strong contrasting colors like black & rust-brown, white or bright orange on red grounds

Answer 115

Moroccan

Question 116

tapestry-stitched embroidery worked with wool yarns on a canvas mesh backing; the tightness of the backing determines the tightness of the needlepoint; designs and colors depending on where it is produced

Answer 116

Needlework

Question 117

Scandinavian rugs of hand-knotted shaggy weave with alternating short and long piles in abstract or contemporary peasant designs; colors are varied and vivid

Answer 117

Rya

Question 118

hand-woven rug with a high pile, in pastel colors and floral and scroll patterns; produced in the rug and tapestry factory; very much in demand and command high prices

Answer 118

Savonnerie

Question 119

grass-like product is twisted together into strands and sewn into squares; squares attached together in any given number make up the finished rug; very suitable for contemporary settings and country homes

Answer 119

Sisal