COLTHEO - basta Color Theory Flashcards
1
Q
color is a mental sensation that can only occur if three requirements are fulfilled: observer, object, and sufficient light in the narrow band of wavelengths called ____________
A
Visible Spectrum
2
Q
light sources emit the visible energy in pulses or waves; light travels at the same speed but waves of light energy are emitted at different distance apart, or ______________
A
Frequencies
3
Q
the distance between peaks of these energy emissions is called _____________
A
Wavelength
4
Q
wavelengths of light are measured in ____________
A
Nanometers
5
Q
these are 2 objects that appear to match under one light source but not under another exhibits ___________
A
Metamerism
6
Q
the objects under Metamerism is called a _____________
A
Metameric Pair
7
Q
the perception that the colors of familiar objects remains the same no matter what the illumination may be
A
Color Constancy
8
Q
a neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary in a secondary sensory
A
Synesthesia
9
Q
an individual’s perception of numbers and letters is associated with the experience of colors
A
Grapheme-Color Synesthesia
10
Q
color is experienced as a result of a musical sound such as sound, pitch, tone, key, and timbre
A
Sound-to-Color Synethesia or Chromesthesia
11
Q
the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under normal lighting conditions
A
Color Blindness
12
Q
learning to distinguish in every color sample three objective attributes
A
Eye Training
13
Q
the instability of colors cannot be eliminated but with awareness and skill it can be minimized, even utilized
A
Color Control
14
Q
the ability to predict and control, to extent possible, color effects and the ability to select and use colors that will enhance every product and page
A
Color Competence
15
Q
undiluted colors; true colors of the spectrum
A
Hue
16
Q
greek word for color
A
Chroma
17
Q
color with hue
A
Chromatic
18
Q
color without hue
A
Achromatic
19
Q
color having many hues
A
Polychromatic
20
Q
color having one hue only
A
Monochromatic
21
Q
color using pure hues only
A
Prismatic
22
Q
any linear series of hues in spectrum order; it can illustrate pure saturated color or more complex, diluted colors
A
Chromatic Scale
23
Q
a combination of unequal proportions of all the primaries
A
Broken Hue
24
Q
__________ are some examples found in nature, sometimes known as “earth colors”
A
Russet, Gold, Ecru
25
color arrangements or structures that enable us to organize and predict such color reactions and interactions
Color Wheel
26
it's the basis for working with subtractive color; it imparts information about the reactions colors have when they are actually mixed
Pigment Wheel
27
consists of 3 unique colors: red, yellow, blue
Primary Colors
28
3 colors are produced from the mixing of one primary color with another: orange, green, violet
Secondary Colors
29
these types of colors are created when mixing one primary and one secondary color
Tertiary/Intermediate Colors
30
in contrast with the pigment wheel, this gives us three basic primaries: yellow, magenta, and cyan, that do upon mixing, result in purer hues
Process Wheel
31
based on the additive color system and provides information concerning light rays and transparent color
Light Wheel
32
usually related to blue; recede and suggest sky, water, distance, foliage, shadows; quiet, restful, far, airy, and light
Cool Hues
33
color with the coolest hue
Blue-Green
34
appear heavier, and when compared the differing visual weights influence their surroundings; suggests aggression, sunlight, heat, blood, arousal, and stimulation
Warm Hues
35
color with the warmest hue
Red-Orange
36
the lightness and darkness of a color
Value
37
color with the presence of white; the lighter shade of color; high-key color scheme
Tint
38
color with the presence of black; the darker shade of color; low-key color scheme
Shade
39
the intensity, brightness or dullness of color
Saturation
40
addition of gray to pure hue
Tone
41
changing a pure hue by lightening, darkening, or muting by the use of additives such as white, black, gray, or its complement
Dilution
42
a step of change between color samples
Intervals
43
can be achieved when two sets of color are joined by a third that is perfectly balance between them
Transparence
44
series of progressive intervals that are so close that individual steps cannot be distinguished; seamless transition between color differences
Gradient
45
the point at which an individual can no longer detect a difference between two close samples
Threshold
46
the ability to detect differences between wavelengths of light
Visual Acuity for Color
47
any of a range of combinations of colors in which a style or design is available
Colorway
48
use of conflicting, unrelated colors; disturbing; can be dynamic & exciting
Dissonance
49
the visual agreement of all parts of a work
Color Harmony
50
one hue/harmony based on one hue
Monochromatic
51
using 2 or 3 hues that lie side-by-side on the color wheel
Analogous
52
colors that lie on either sides of its complement
Direct Complementary
53
one side next to the direct complement
Near Complementary
54
2 colors on the side of its complemented color form a Y-shape arrangement
Split Complementary
55
2 pairs of complementary colors
Double Complementary
56
combination of 3 equidistant hues in the color wheel
Triadic
57
combination of 4 equidistant hues in the color wheel
Tetradic
58
process of mixing pigments together, such as we see in paintings; more light is absorbed and less is reflected - hence the term ___________
Subtractive Color
59
based on the viewer's reaction to colors when they are placed next to each other
Partitive Color
60
material that changes the light absorption characteristics of another material: dyes and pigments
Colorant
61
natural or artificial colorants that absorb but usually do not scatter light
Dyes
62
natural or artificial colorant that only absorbs but also scatter light
Pigment
63
a liquid, paste, wax, or other substance that holds particles of pigments
Vehicle
64
the process of mixing colored light as such in theatrical lighting or television; lights are mixed by placing colored filters in front of a projected light ray
Additive Color
65
mode of color display imitates the results of mixing process colors
CMYK Mode (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black)
66
mode of color display that parallels the behavior of light
RGB Mode (Red, Blue, Green)
67
displays a color map; requires learning to mix color in a way that is associated only with digital design
HSV Mode (Hue, Saturation, Value) or HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness)
68
the range of colors reproduced in a color mode
Gamut
69
an informal standard of 216 colors that are generally considered ___________
Web Safe Colors
70
prefaced with a #; the first two characters represent the red value, the next two represent green, and the last two represent blue; 16 values by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Hexadecimal Color Codes (Hex Colors)
71
the setting or correcting of a measuring device or base level, usually by adjusting it to match or conform to a dependably known and unvarying measure
Calibration
72
standardized color reproduction system; to make sure colors match without direct contact with one another
Pantone Color Matching System
73
occurs when a ray of light strikes a surface; the energy from the light is transferred to the surface material
Absorption
74
mostly unimpeded passage of light through a transparent object
Transmission
75
process by which the light arriving at a smooth-surfaced material change their direction of travel on impact and are returned
Reflection
76
the change of direction suffered by radiation on impact with a rough-surfaced material
Scattering
77
the bending of a beam when it enters a medium where its speed is different
Refraction
78
temporary splitting the light waves into parts that are later recombined; examples are oil film on water or soap bubble
Interference
79
a special case of the combined effect of scattering and interference; the narrower the gap, the larger the ____________
Diffraction
80
an optical phenomenon that occurs with reflected light; amplifies some wavelengths of light
Iridiscence
81
used often to characterize very light-reflecting colors and media with a great deal of light reflectance, like watercolors, dyes, and markers
Luminosity
82
state or quality of shining by reflecting light; examples are glitter, sparkle, sheen, or gloss
Luster
83
combined qualities of high light-reflectance and strong hue found in saturated colors and strong hues
Brilliance
84
a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of illuminated objects accurately
Color Rendering Index (CRI)
85
the visual sensation caused by excessive and uncontrolled brightness; it can be disabling or simply uncomfortable
Glare
86
reduction in visibility caused by intense light sources in the field of view
Disability Glare
87
the sensation of annoyance or even pain induced by overly bright sources
Discomfort Glare
88
quantity of light reflected by a surface when illuminated by a light source; quantifies the lightness and darkness of a colored surface
Light Reflectance Value (LRV)
89
color appearance of the light source and the light emitted from it; numerical value assigned to the color emitted by a light source, measured in degrees of Kelvin
Color Temperature (K)
90
light is transmitted
Transparent
91
light is sometimes transmitted
Translucent
92
light is neither transmitted/absorbed
Opaque
93
a Greek philosopher attempted to explain the composition of colors and how they were related
Aristotle
94
an Italian theorist that set out his beliefs on color theory in his Treatise on Painting; according to him, black and white were indeed colors
Leonardo da Vinci
95
an English physicist interested purely in the physics of color rather in the perception; discovered that as a ray of white light passes and is bent, or refracted, through a prism it is broken into an array of colors
Sir Isaac Newton
96
an English entomologist and engraver; red, yellow, and blue are primary hues, which he termed "primitives;" Harris wheel was divided into 18 equal hue divisions and each was then graded by value, light to dark
Moses Harris
97
a German poet, one of the first modern thinkers to investigate and record the function of the eye and its interpretation of color; explored every aspect of color and its reactions, including the role of complementary colors in creating shadows, contrast, and proportional color use
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
98
a German painter; arranged twelve hues in a spherical format giving us the first 3-dimensional color model
Philip Otto Runge
99
a French chemist who was hired by the famous French tapestry-weaving studio to be its dye master; his greatest contribution was his recording of the reactions that colors have when placed side by side or in relationship to each other
Michel Eugene Chevreul
100
an American who proposed that colors differed from one another as a result of three variables: purity (saturation), luminosity (value), and hue; experimented on optical mixing that occurs in pointillism
Ogden Rood
101
an American-born color theorist that led to his system being adopted by the US Bureau of Standards as the acceptable language of color; developed a partitive color system based on five primary hues or as he termed them "principal color:" yellow, red, green, blue, and violet; color wheel to 3-dimensional form termed "tree"
Albert Munsell
102
a Swiss teacher and artist best known to the color student for his book, "The Art of Color;" taught both color and design at the enormously influential Bauhaus school in Germany
Johannes Itten
103
a teacher at the Bauhaus School; the teaching diagram that he used most often was a triangle
Josef Albers
104
one of the oldest color names; the first to be seen in a rainbow; the color for passion and drama; universally signifies danger, courage, strength, and power
positive: love, luck, passion, sexiness, festivity, compassion, importance, feminine, sweet
negative: war, revolution and anarchy, the devil, danger, fire
Red
105
color of sensitivity; the passion of red combined with the purity of white combined will associate it with love, tranquility, and femininity
negative: associated with being unrealistic, and overly optimistic
Pink
106
color of encouragement; the combination of yellow and red makes it convey excitement, warmth, and enthusiasm; appealing to young people; stimulates appetite and is associated with healthy good
positive: fruitfulness, brightness, cheerfulness
negative: danger, gloom, melancholy, boredom, insincerity
Orange
107
most easily perceived of hues, has the highest luminosity rating after white; the color of optimism, and sunshine that is uplighting and illuminating and associated with success and confidence
positive: cheerfulness, sun, gold, vitality, hope, warmth
negative: caution, sickness, betrayal, treason, age
Yellow
108
color of ocean and sky; perceived constant in our lives; invokes rest and can cause the body to produce chemicals that are calming; the color of trust; thought to induce calm and convey tranquility, serenity, and peace
positive: royalty and aristocracy, heaven, coolness, truth, loyalty
negative: introversion, sadness, depression, wintery, low class
Blue
109
color of growth and health; evokes a feeling of abundance and a plentiful environment while providing a restful and secure feeling
positive: environment, growth, fertility, freshness, nature
negative: poison, envy, immaturity, nausea, rawness
Green
110
color of spirituality; energy of red + calmness of blue to create a color that inspired reflection and self-awareness; the color of the sensitive, compassionate intuitive soul - the introvert
positive: bravery, royalty, dignity, mystery
negative: conceit, mourning, death and rage
Violet
111
color of mystery; it covers, hides, and implies that there is a barrier; a strong and powerful color that is formal and sophisticated, sexy and secretive
positive: sophistication, power, respect
negative: death, emptiness, depression, bad luck
Black
112
ultimate lightness; all colors combined (light), and absence of color (pigment)
positive: purity, cleanliness, empowerment, innocence
negative: surrender, cowardliness, cover-up
White
