HIST - De Stijl, Modernism Flashcards
school of art founded in the Netherlands; marked especially by the use of black and white with primary colors, rectangular forms, and asymmetry; founded by Gerrit Rietveld, Theo Van Doesburg, and Piet Mondrian
De Stijl
recognized as the purest and most methodological of the early abstractionists; limited his color palette to black, white, and the three primary colors; use of asymmetrical balance and a simplified pictorial vocabulary were crucial in the development of modern art
Piet Mondrian
the facades are a collage of planes and lines whose components are purposely detached from one another
Schroder House by Gerrit Rietveld
a deliberate philosophical and practical estrangement from the past in the arts and literature; rejection of historical styles; form follows function
Modernism
school of design established in Germany by Walter Gropius; concepts were characterized chiefly by the synthesis of technology, craft, and design aesthetics, with an emphasis on functional design in architecture and the applied arts
Bauhaus Design
a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School; widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture
Walter Gropius
a German-American architect who was a principal exponent of the International Style; known as the pioneer of skyscrapers; created an influential architectural style stated with extreme clarity and simplicity
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
the director of the cabinet-making workshop at Bauhaus; his reputation was based upon his invention of tubular steel furniture
Marcel Breuer
pioneered modern, large-scale industrial development
AEG Turbine Factory by Peter Behrens
has a glass curtain wall suspended in front of the load-bearing framework defines the exterior of the workshop win and openly shows the constructive elements
The Bauhaus Buildings by Walter Gropius
the first project of Walter Gropius; emphasized the social aspect of architectural design, suggesting that improving working conditions through increased daylight, fresh air, and hygiene would lead to greater satisfaction of workers, and would increase overall production
Fagus Shoe Factory by Walter Gropius, and Adolf Meyer
an asymmetrical, single-storey bulding divided by partition walls using marble, onyx, and chrome
The German Pavillion by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
the minimalist in concept, devoid of regional characteristics, stresses functionalism, and rejects all non-essential decorative elements; emphasizes the horizontal aspects of a building
International Style
established “form follows function;” aka the “Father of Modernism;” he replaced the standard classical ornamentation of the day with highly original, organic architectural details inspired by nature
Louis Sullivan
one of the most prolific and influential architects; defined North American style architecture which was rich in emotion and sensitive to its surroundings; believed that architecture was an extension of the environment; an apprentice to Louis Sullivan
Frank Lloyd Wright
a special house built on waterfalls; has a strong emphasis on harmony between man and nature; aka “Kauffman Residence”
Falling Water by Frank Lloyd Wright
created as a series of organic shapes; circular forms spiral down like the interior of a nautilus shell; visitors would start on the upper level and follow a sloping ramp downward through connected exhibition spaces
Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright
constructed with more than 200 sizes and shapes of bricks; the light shines into the building through several layers of glass tubes that cannot be seen through
Johnson Wax Administration Building by Frank Lloyd Wright
made up from easy to assemble, pre-fabricated wood sandwich panels designed to be erected in a simple construction
Usonian Houses by Frank Lloyd Wright
known universally as “corbu,” meaning “raven;” he wrote Vers Une Architecture which he made an intriguing link between Greek temples, Gothic cathedrals, aircraft, cars, and ocean liners with the new architecture; described the house as a “machine for living in”
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, aka “Le Corbusier”
a column of iron, steel, or reinforced concrete supporting a building above an open ground level
Pilotis (invented by Le Corbusier)
a weekend house that is known for allowing sunlight to pour into the main living quarters; windows and roof terraces afford views out across the French countryside
Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier
a housing block described as a great concrete “ocean liner”
Unite d’Habitation by Le Corbusier
a chapel with a structure that is made mostly of concrete and is comparatively small, enclosed by thick walls, with an upturned roof supported on columns embedded within the walls
Notre Dame-du-Haut Ronchamp by Le Corbusier
