Mass spectrometry Flashcards

1
Q

4 stages of mass spectrometry

A

Ionisation
Acceleration
Deflection
Detection

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2
Q

Acceleration

A

The positively charged ions are attracted to a negative plate causing them to accelerate
They have same kinetic energy so now their speed is dependant on the mass

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3
Q

Detection

A

Ions hit a negatively charged plate
Causes a current and the size of it gives a measure of how many ions hit the plate
To give the abundance of the molecule

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4
Q

Mass spectrum

A

Produced as a result of ions being detected
X axis has mass to charge ratio
Y axis has % abundnace

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5
Q

Molecular ion peak

A

The peak with the largest mass to charge ratio aka furthest right
Represents the mass of the molecule we are analysing

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6
Q

Peaks clustered around certain mass to charge ratio

A

Isotopes of the molecule/ element
Have different masses so different mass/charge ratio

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7
Q

Fragments

A

Smaller and lighter peaks that occur as a result of ionisation of the sample breaking it off into smaller molecules
And larger molecules

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8
Q

How to use the spectrum to view different isotopes and their relative abundance

A

Isotopic mass is along the x axis
Isotopic abundance is along the y axis

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9
Q

Molecular/ parent ion

A

When one electron is knocked off a molecule forming a positive ion
Represented as M+ and is situated the furthest right on the mass spectrum graph with highest mass/charge ratio

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10
Q

Why does the molecular/ parent ion fragment?

A

Because it is energetically unstable due to having electron knocked off during bombardment of electrons

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11
Q

Why are there so many peaks on a mass spectrum of a molecule?

A

Because many fragments are possible with the atoms of a parent ion

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12
Q

Radical

A

A fragment that isn’t charged so won’t be detected and as a result lost in the machine

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13
Q

Mass spectrum of an organic molecule

A

Peaks all along the x axis (different mass numbers)
Because they are fragments of the molecular ion so can be varying masses

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14
Q

Mass spectrum of a pure element

A

Peaks represent different isotopes of that element
In a diatomic molecule the peaks will be at the molecule not individual atoms eg around 72 for chlorine
And the different masses of chlorine possible due to isotopes

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15
Q

How to work out the ratio peaks will appear in a mass spectrum for diatomic molecules

A

Turn the percent abundance of each isotope into a fraction
Write out each possible combination of individual atoms can form the diatomic molecule
Multiply fractions together giving ratios peaks will appear in

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16
Q

Base peak in a mass spectrum

A

Most common fragment or multiple ways for fragmentation to result in this molecule

17
Q

How to identify the identity of the molecular ion peak for an organic molecule

A

Consider any functional groups told about such as alcohol and take away the masses of those elements
Divide by 12 to see how many carbons present
Remainder = number of hydrogen = identified organic molecule

18
Q

M+1 peak

A

When analysing the fragments of organic compounds, there may be a peak at the end
Which has a m/z ratio one more of molecular ion peak

19
Q

What is the M+1 peak?

A

When organic compounds have traces of the isotope carbon-13 rather than carbon-12 which increases the mass number of it so it’s more than the molecular ion peak

20
Q

What is the point of mass spectrometry?

A

A machine that produces positive ions and deflects them in a magnetic field depending on their relative masses
So we can determine the masses of atoms and molecules

21
Q

What could a m/z ratio of 15 indicate

A

That a CH3+ fragment/ion is present

22
Q

What could a m/z ratio of 17 indicate

A

That an alcohol group such as OH is present

23
Q

How can we use the mass spectrum of an element provided in calculation?

A

The y axis shows the exact isotopic abundance
And the m/z charge ratio shows the relative isotopic masses
So we can put that in the calculation to find the relative atomic mass of an element

24
Q

Finding the relative peak heights of a mass spectra for diatomic molecules

A

For the singular isotopes of the element, work out the ratio of isotopic abundance
Eg Cl-35 to Cl-37 is 1:3
Put as fractions and for each diatomic molecule find the fraction probability eg Cl-70 is 3/4x3/4 = 9/16
(The numerator is the ratio of relative peak heights for diatomic molecule)

25
Q

How to find the relative molecular mass of poly atomic molecules?

A

Just use the molecular ion peak
CAREFUL NOT TO USE THE M+1 PEAK