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A Level Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What types of alcohol are there?

A

Primary alcohol
Secondary alcohol
Tertiary alcohol

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2
Q

Primary alcohol

A

An alcohol where the carbon the OH group is bonded to is also bonded to an alkyl group such as ethanol

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3
Q

Secondary alcohol

A

An alcohol where the carbon the OH is bonded to is also bonded to 2 alkyl groups

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4
Q

Tertiary alcohol

A

An alcohol where the carbon the OH is bonded to is also bonded to 3 alkyl groups

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5
Q

How are halogenoalkanes made from alcohols?

A

In a substitution reaction which replaces OH with halogen atom

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6
Q

How can chloroalkanes made from alcohols?

A

Reacting alcohol with PCl₅ (primary)
Or reacting alcohol with HCl (tertiary)

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7
Q

Alcohol + PCl₅ products

A

Chloroalkane
HCl
POCl₃

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8
Q

Alcohol + PCl₅ general equation

A

ROH + PCl₅ ——>
RCl + HCl + POCl₃

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9
Q

Alcohol + HCl general equation

A

ROH + HCl ——>
RCl + H2O

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10
Q

What reactions are fastest when forming halogenoalkanes from alcohols?

A

Tertiary alcohol = fastest
Secondary alcohol = middle
Primary alcohol = slowest

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11
Q

How can bromoalkanes be made from alcohols?

A

In a substitution reaction of Br- ions from a bromine compound which substitutes OH on alcohol

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12
Q

Catalyst for forming of bromoalkanes from alcohols

A

50% concentrated sulfuric acid

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13
Q

Step 1 of formation of bromoalkanes from alcohols

A

Form hydrogen bromide from the bromine salt + sulfuric catalyst
KBr + H₂SO₄ ——> HBr + K₂SO₄

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14
Q

Step 2 of formation of bromoalkanes from alcohols

A

HBr + alcohol
The Br substitutes OH group which reacts with H+ from HBr to form water

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15
Q

Bromine compounds + sulfuric acid + alcohol products

A

Bromoalkane
Water
And a sulfate salt from step 1

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16
Q

How can alcohols form alkenes?

A

In a dehydration reaction which is eliminating water from the alcohol

17
Q

Catalyst used in the dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes

A

Concentrated phosphoric acid

18
Q

Dehydration of alcohol products

A

An Alkene
Eliminates the OH group + another H to form water molecule

19
Q

What possible products formed from dehydration of alcohol?

A

Depending on what 2 carbons form the Alkene thus which side the OH is eliminated from
And any additional stereoisomers

20
Q

How can iodoalkanes be made from alcohols?

A

By reacting alcohol with phosphorus triiodide (PI₃)

21
Q

How is phosphorus triiodide obtained?

A

From reacting red phosphorus with iodine = PI₃
UNDER REFLUX

22
Q

General equation for formation of iodoalkanes from alcohols

A

ROH + PI₃ ——> RI + H₃PO₃

A Level Chemistry (88 decks)

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