Acyl Chlorides

Question 1

What are acyl chlorides?

Answer 1

A series of carboxylic acid derivatives with functional group Cl-C=O

Question 2

How to name acyl chlorides

Answer 2

Branching + longest chain hydrocarbon prefix (ethan, butan) + oyl + chloride

Question 3

How can we make acyl chlorides?

Answer 3

Carboxylic acid + PCl5 ———> Acyl chloride + POCl3 + HCl

Question 4

Reactions of acyl chlorides

Answer 4

With water ——> carboxylic acid + HCl
With alcohol ——> Ester + HCl
With 2 ammonia ——> Primary amide + ammonium salt
With primary amide ——> secondary amide

Question 5

Acyl chloride + water

Answer 5

= carboxylic acid of same carbon chain length
+ HCl gas

Question 6

Observation of acyl chloride + Water

Answer 6

Steamy fumes of HCl gas produced

Question 7

Alcohol + acyl chloride

Answer 7

The H in OH on alcohol leaves and reacts with Cl on acyl chloride so released as HCl gas
Forms ester linkage with the C=O left on acyl chloride and O in alcohol group = ester
Non reversible reaction

Question 8

Why is acyl chloride preferred in esterification than carboxylic acid?

Answer 8

Because the reaction of acyl chloride + alcohol is faster than carboxylic acid + alcohol
Because the reaction is not reversible so will give a higher yield

Question 9

Acyl chloride + 2NH3 reaction

Answer 9

Forms primary amide (NH2 group in replace of the Cl on acyl chloride) the C=O group remains
Forms ammonium salt with chloride ion NH4Cl