Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Level Chemistry > Fuels > Flashcards

Fuels Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Crude oil

A

A mixture containing hydrocarbons of different lengths
Another word for petroleum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

The process of separating unhelpful crude oil into fractions: so hydrocarbons of the similar lengths for each use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Step 1 of fractional distillation

A

Vaporise crude oil at 350°c
However forms residue of longest chain hydrocarbons who’s boiling point is too high so remains as liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Step 2 of fractional distillation

A

Pass vapor and residue into fraction in column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Step 3 of fractional distillation

A

The residue will leave the fractioning column at the bottom
The gases will rise up. The column gets cooler at the top and so when the gases cool, they reach boiling point and condense to a liquid and leave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What property of hydrocarbons allow the hydrocarbons to be separated in fractional distillation?

A

They have different boiling points dependant on the carbon chain length = can be separated by condensing at different points in the fractioning column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do short chain hydrocarbons leave the column?

A

At the top at the coolest point = has lowest bp
Smallest do not condense but leave as gases, column isn’t cold enough to reach their bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do long chain hydrocarbons leave the column?

A

At the bottom because they have the highest bp so condense near the bottom
Largest hydrocarbons drawn out liquified because they don’t vaporise at all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List of products formed from fractioning columns from the top (lowest bp) to bottom (highest bp)

A

Refinery gases
Petrol
Naphtha
Kerosene
Gas oil/ diesel
Mineral oil
Residue:
Fuel oil
Wax/grease
Bitumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Refinery gases use

A

LPG, camping gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Petrol use

A

Fuel cars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Naphtha use

A

Processed to make petrochemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kerosene use

A

Jet fuel, central heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diesel use

A

Fuel cars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mineral oil use

A

Lubricating oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fuel oil use

A

For ships and power stations

17
Q

Was/grease use

A

Candles/ lubrication

18
Q

Bitumen

A

Roofing/road surface

19
Q

What process is done to convert heavier fractions to lighter, more useful fractions?

A

Cracking:
Catalytic
Thermal

20
Q

How is crude oil and hydrocarbons used as fuel?

A

In combustion

21
Q

What does complete combustion release?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

What does incomplete combustion release?

A

Unburnt carbon (soot)
carbon monoxide
Water

23
Q

List of harm pollutants released when combusted for fuel

A

Carbon monoxide
Unburnt hydrocarbons
Oxides of nitrogen and sulfur
Carbon particulates

24
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

A toxic gas because it binds to haemoglobin better than oxygen in our blood
So in high concentrations less oxygen is around our body = oxygen deprivation
Fatal possibly

25
Q

What do both sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen lead to?

A

Acid rain

26
Q

Sulfur dioxide

A

When hydrocarbons containing sulfur are burnt, sulfur dioxide is released
Dissolves with moisture in the air and converted to sulfuric acid
Falls as acid rain

27
Q

Oxides of nitrogen

A

Under high compression, nitrogen in air + oxygen from engine = oxides of nitrigen which dissolve in air’s moisture to form nitric acid then fall as acid rain

28
Q

How do car exhausts stop pollutants from coming out?

A

With catalytic converter

29
Q

Catalytic converters

A

Using platinum as a catalyst to change harmful pollutants to slightly less harmful pollutants like water vapour, nitrogen and co2

30
Q

Alternatives to combusting fossil fuels for fuel

A

Making biofuels

31
Q

Biofuel list

A

Biodiesel
Bio ethanol
Biogas

32
Q

How is bioethanol made?

A

Fermentation of sugar maize crops

33
Q

How is biodiesel made?

A

Refining fats and oils

34
Q

How is biogas made?

A

Breakdown of organic waste matter

35
Q

Why are biofuels a good alternative?

A

Because though they produce CO2 when burnt, CO2 is used up when growing plants (carbon neutral)
From waste which would go to landfill

36
Q

Why are biofuels not a good alternative?

A

Not necessarily completely carbon neutral because CO2 is released in refining and transporting the fuel and other processes
Create problems in developing countries = food shortages of land used for this
Car engines need to be modified to work with them

A Level Chemistry (88 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions