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A Level Chemistry > Acid-Bases > Flashcards

Acid-Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid

A

A substance that donates a proton to a different substance

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2
Q

Brønsted-Lowry definition of a base

A

A substance that accepts a proton (H+ ion)

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3
Q

What can acids or gases be?

A

Either strong or weak

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4
Q

Strong acids

A

A substance that donates a proton and fully dissociates when mixed with water
So all H+ ions are released

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5
Q

How can we represent a strong acid?

A

HA

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6
Q

Dissociation of strong acid when mixed with water? Simple generic equation

A

HA + aq ——> H⁺ + A-

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7
Q

Dissociation of a strong acid when mixed in water? - more detailed generic equation

A

HA + H2O ——> H₃O⁺ + A-

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8
Q

Is the dissociation of strong acids in water under equilibrium?

A

Yes but very strongly favours the forward reaction so the concentration of H+ ions is high- lots produced

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9
Q

Dissociation of strong acid in water - what do the products form in neutralisation?

A

The A- (non metal in acid) will form part of the salt
The H+ ions will be accepted by the base to form water (neutralisation)

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10
Q

What is H₃O⁺?

A

A hydronium ion, that H+ ions react with water in the aqueous solution to form

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11
Q

Strong base

A

A substance that accepts protons and fully dissociates into its ions to when mixed with water

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12
Q

How can we represent a strong base?

A

B

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13
Q

Dissociation of strong bases in water - simple generic equation

A

B + H2O ——> BH⁺ + OH-

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14
Q

What is happening in the dissociation of a strong base in water?

A

OH- ions in the base are released
As well as accepting a H+ ion from water so the rest of the water can form OH- to form the BH+ (base accepts proton)

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15
Q

Is dissociation of a strong base a reversible reaction?

A

Barely because POE is so far to the right that a high conc of OH- ions are released

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16
Q

Weak acids

A

A proton donor that only partially dissociates when mixed with water into its ions
Not all H+ ions are released

17
Q

Examples of weak acids

A

All carboxylic acids

18
Q

Dissociation of weak acid when mixed with water - more detailed generic equation

A

RCOOH + H2O <——> CH3COO- + H3O+

19
Q

Dissociation of weak acid when mixed with water - simple generic equation

A

RCOOH <——> RCOO- + H+

20
Q

Is the dissociation of a weak acid in water a reversible reaction?

A

Yes, which lies heavily to the left so low conc of H+ ions due to only partial dissociation

21
Q

Weak bases

A

A proton acceptor that only partially dissociates when mixed with water

22
Q

Examples of weak bases

A

Ammonia

23
Q

dissociation of ammonia (weak base) when mixed with water

A

NH3 + H2O <——> NH4+ + OH-

24
Q

How is OH- ions released from dissociation of NH3 in water if no OH ion is in NH3?

A

Relies on accepting H+ ions from the water, to form an ammonium ion
And the rest of the molecule exists as OH-

25
Q

In a neutralisation reaction, what occurs?

A

The H+ and OH- ions released in dissociation of acid/base respectively in water react together to form water
The negative ion from acid + positive ion from base ——> salt

26
Q

Acid base conjugate pairs

A

In a reaction, the acid will donate a H+ and what’s left of it = the conjugate base
In a reaction, the base will accept a H+ ion and what is formed is the conjugate acid

27
Q

Why is what is left of the acid, form a conjugate base?

A

Because if the reaction was reversed, then the conjugate base acts as a base and accepts a H+ ion because it can to form an acid

28
Q

Why is what the base forms, the conjugate acid?

A

Because the base accepts a H+ ion to form an acid
Because this H+ ion can be donated (an acid) if the reaction was reversed

29
Q

Does acid-base conjugation also refer to mixing acids/bases in water?

A

Yes

30
Q

Acid-base conjugation in dissociation of acid in water

A

Water acts as a base where it accepts the H+ ions from the acid to form H3O+ ions (the conjugate acid)
Acid which loses H+ ions, it’s anion will form the conjugate base

31
Q

What does water act as in the dissociation of strong acid in water?

A

The base to accept the H+ ion to form H3O+

32
Q

Acid base conjugation in dissociation of base in water

A

The water acts as the acid because it donates the H+ ion to the base in order to form OH- (the conjugate base)
The base accepts the H+ ion to form the conjugate acid

33
Q

What does water act as in the dissociation of a base in water?

A

The acid

A Level Chemistry (88 decks)

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