Ion and formulae Flashcards
When metals react, what do they tend to do?
Loses electron(s) from its outer shell to have full outer shell
And form a positive ion
Group 1 ions charge
1+
Group 2 ions charge
2+
Group 3 ion charge
Cannot easily always be predicted except aluminium
Aluminium ion charge
3+
Transition metal ion charges
Can often form several positively charged ions
(Of different charges)
Silver ion charge
+1
Zinc ion charge
Zn2+
When non metals react, what do they tend to do?
Gain an electron to form a non metal ion with a full outer shell
Becoming negatively charged ion
With name ending in -ide (ONLY if the reaction is with 1 other element)
Group 5 elements nitrogen and phosphorus ion charges
3-
Group 6 elements oxygen and sulfur ions charges
2-
Halogen ions charges
1-
Hydrogen ion
H⁺
Ammonium ion
NH₄⁺
Hydroxide ion
OH⁻
Nitrate ion
NO₃⁻
Carbonate ion
CO₃²⁻
Sulfate ion
SO₄²⁻
Polyatomic ions
Ions formed of more than 1 atom
Polyatomic ions examples
Ammonium ion
Hydroxide ion
Carbonate ion
Nitrate ion
Sulfate ion
Phosphate ion
Is the hydrogen ion polyatomic?
No because it only contains 1 atom (H)
Diatomic molecules
A pair of atoms of the same element bonded together
Examples of diatomic molecules
O₂ = oxygen
N₂ = nitrogen
Cl₂ = chlorine (and other halogens)
Hydrochloric acid formula
HCl
Sulphuric acid formula
H₂SO₄
Nitric acid formula
HNO₃
Ammonia formula (not an ion)
NH₃
What changes in the ammonia formula?
When it is an ion it goes from
NH₃ To NH₄⁺
Phosphate ion
PO₄³⁻
Lead charge
Pb 2+
Hydrogencarbonate ion
HCO₃⁻
Sulphide
S²⁻
Manganate ion
MnO₄⁻
Chromate ion
CrO₄²⁻
Dichromate ion
Cr₂O₇²⁻
