Carbonyls

Question 1

Carbonyl compounds

Answer 1

Aldehydes or ketones that contain carbonyl group C=O

Question 2

Aldehydes

Answer 2

Carbonyl group C=O is at the end of the carbon chain

Question 3

Naming of aldehydes

Answer 3

branching + longest carbon chain -al

Question 4

Ketones

Answer 4

Carbonyl group C=O is in the middle of carbon chain

Question 5

Naming of ketones

Answer 5

Branching + longest chain carbon - carbon the carbonyl is on - one

Question 6

Can molecules with a carbonyl group only form H bonds between other molecules of itself?

Answer 6

No because it does not have H-O bond

Question 7

What intermolecular forces are between carbonyl compounds?

Answer 7

Permanent dipole-dipole forces
London forces

Question 8

Why is the boiling point of carbonyls lower than that of alcohols with the same length?

Answer 8

Because carbonyl compounds cannot form hydrogen bonds between itself and only permanent dipole-dipole interactions (and london forces) whereas alcohols can form H bonds
H bonds are stronger so therefore alcohols require more energy to break forces and thus boil than carbonyls

Question 9

Can a carbonyl compound form hydrogen bonds to water?

Answer 9

Yes because it contains a lone pair of electrons on oxygen that the polarised H in water can form H bonds to

Question 10

Why can some carbonyl compounds dissolve in water?

Answer 10

Because hydrogen bonds can form between carbonyl and water which are of greater strength than the forces between carbonyl and equal to H bonds between water

Question 11

Solubility in water trend

Answer 11

With increasing carbon chain, there are more London forces formed between each carbonyl which are stronger than the hydrogen bonds formed to water.
So increasing carbon chain means decreased solubility in water