Mar 19 Physiological vs Chronological Aging Flashcards
Canada’s Aging Population
- In 2013
- In 2063 (predicted)
Canada’s Aging Population
- In 2013
– 5.4 million Canadians 65+ years of age = “older adult”
– 15.3% of Canada’s population - In 2063 (predicted)
– 11-15 million Canadians 65+ years of age
– 23.8-27.8% of Canada’s population
What is Aging?
- Aging:
- Chronological:
- Physiological:
What is Aging?
- Aging: the process of becoming older.
- Chronological: calendar age (#
days a person has been alive). We all age at the same rate…. - Physiological: how old the body appears or functions, based on physical and physiological attributes.
Rate of Aging:
affected by: (Name 3)
Rate of Aging:
– Heterogeneous process; everyone ages at a different rate; affected by genetics, lifestyle and environment
Characteristics of Physiological Aging
(Name 9)
Characteristics of Physiological Aging
- Body grows (height and weight) then shrinks
- Teeth fall out (2x)
- Hair grows then falls out turns grey and thins
- Puberty and fertility changes
- Sight and hearing changes
- Bones become stronger then weaker
- Skin changes (wrinkles)
- Brain gets bigger then smaller
- Increased risk of disease (e.g., CV system, musculoskeletal system)
Dental Age:
– Primary teeth (___) vs. Permanent teeth (___)
– First full set around ___yrs, fall out from ___-___yrs
– Can Decay and wear patterns can determine age
Dental Age
- Type and # of teeth can be predictive of age.
– Primary teeth (20) vs. Permanent teeth (32)
– First full set around 3yrs, fall out from 6-12yrs
– Decay and wear patterns
Yes
Skeletal Age – Bone Development:
Skeletal Age – Bone Development
- Long bones grow at growth plates at the end of bones and stop when they fuse (ossify).
Dental Age:
- Fluoridation of the water (1945 began in Canada):
Dental Age
- Look at the mineralization and
demineralization in teeth - Fluoridation of the water (1945 began in Canada).
- Fluoride treatment made it less useful for predicting age in older people.
A Fetal Skeleton at 13-18 Weeks
(2 things)
Development: (3 things)
A Fetal Skeleton at 13-18 Weeks
- Ossification (bone development)
- Mesoderm cell -> cartilage -> bone
- Dark areas denote some ossified portions and spaces between are cartilage.
Age and Development
(3 things)
Age and Development
- January babies more likely to be successful in sports and academics
- December babies are more likely to be labelled as ‘problem children’
– CMAJ article, December babies, 40% more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD and have issues with learning vs. January babies.
Physiological Age: Puberty in girls
(4 things)
Physiological Age: Puberty
- Onset of menses: menarche
– a girls 1st menstruation
– Usually occurs at around 12 years of age but can occur anywhere between ages 8 and 16.
– Estrogen and progesterone
Physiological Age: Puberty in boys
(5 things)
- Sexual Development
(2 things)
Physiological Age: Puberty
- Puberty is ~2 years later in boys facial hair,
voice changes, growth spurts, lean mass gains (testosterone) - Sexual Development
– Secondary sex characteristics
– Tanner Staging I-V (Sexual Maturity Rating Scale). - Pubic hair (both male and female)
- Genitals (male)
- Breasts (female)
Tanner Staging/Scale
Stages 1-5
Tanner Staging/Scale
1 = Pre pubescents
2-3= Peri pubescents
4-5 = Post pubescents
Physiological Age - Skin
- Age 30 =
- Age 40 =
- Age 50 =
- Age 60 =
- Age 70+
Physiological Age - Skin
- Age 30 = forehead furrows
- Age 40 = “Crows’ feet” near eyes. “Laugh lines” between nose and corners of mouth.
- Age 50 = Permanent lines around eyes and mouth. Skin on cheeks starts to loosen.
- Age 60 = “sunspots” appear on hands/face: coagulated pigment
- Age 70+ = Facial skin becomes thin, dry and loose (lacks elasticity, loss of facial fat)
Hair diameter decreases
Age 20 – ___ microns
Age 30 – ___ microns
Age 40 – ___ microns
Age 50 – ___ microns
Age 60 – ___ microns
Age 70 – ___ microns
Racial differences?
Hair diameter decreases
Age 20 – 101 microns
Age 30 – 98 microns
Age 40 – 96 microns
Age 50 – 94 microns
Age 60 – 86 microns
Age 70 – 80 microns
Racial differences yes
Functional decreases =
FRAILTY: “
Functional decreases -> decreases in quality of life
FRAILTY: “A complex clinical syndrome of increased vulnerability to stressors which results from multiple impairments across different systems and accounts, at least in part, for the heterogeneity between physiological and chronological age”
@ 60 years /@ 80 years
Basal Metabolic Rate:
Brain Weight:
Cardiac Output:
Respiratory Capacity:
@ 60 years /@ 80 years
Basal Metabolic Rate: lower15%
Brain Weight: lower 5%/lower 20%
Cardiac Output: lower 20%/lower 30%
Respiratory Capacity: lower 20% lower 45%
Uses for Age Classifications
Name 3
Uses for Age Classifications
Groups for athletic competition, school grades
Frequency of medical check-ups
Financial incentives (phys age for chrono age)
- Based on 2023 publication A
_____ signature of decelerated physiological aging in human _____. - Having a PhysiAge younger than your calendar age is a great indication that your lifestyle is working for your long- term health.
- Having a PhysiAge score that is higher than your calendar age might mean there are places to improve your lifestyle.
- Based on 2023 publication A
metabolomic signature of decelerated physiological aging in human plasma. - Having a PhysiAge younger than your calendar age is a great indication that your lifestyle is working for your long- term health.
- Having a PhysiAge score that is higher than your calendar age might mean there are places to improve your lifestyle.
