Feb 26 Respiratory System Flashcards
The Airways in Asthma
Usually bronchioles do not contribute to airway resistance because:
Asthma is associated with: (3 things)
Usually bronchioles do not contribute to airway resistance because their total x-sectional area is 2000 times that of the trachea.
Asthma is associated with bronchoconstriction, edema and mucus
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
COPD =
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
COPD = Bronchitis (Lose shape and clogged with Mucus)+ Emphysema (Fewer alveoli as it gets destroyed)
Impact of COPD
(2 things)
Impact of COPD
- 5th leading cause of death
- Major cause is smoking (environment, infections)
Chronic Bronchitis:
(4 steps)
Chronic Bronchitis
– Long-term cough with mucus due to damaged cilia and blocked airflow.
– Irritation ->Bronchial tubes become inflamed -> Inner lining swells ->excessive, thick mucus
- Acute bronchitis often develops?
- Most recover in?
- Smokers will have a harder time recovering because?
Mild fever only affects?
- Acute bronchitis often develops 3-4 days after a cold or flu.
- Most recover in 2-3 weeks, but the cough can last 4wk+
- Smokers will have a harder time recovering. Smoking causes damage to cilia
Mild fever only affects acute bronchitis
Treatment for Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis
(Name 3)
Treatment for Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis
* Drink lots of fluids and get plenty of rest
* Avoid smoke and fumes
* Viral (antibiotics will not help)
Treatment for Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis
(Name 4)
Treatment for Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis
* Bronchodilators
* Steroids (reduce inflammation)
* Oxygen therapy
* Pulmonary rehab
Emphysema:
(2 steps)
Emphysema
– Alveoli loss elastic recoil, and so the individual needs to work to push air out of their lungs.
– Irritation -> lung tissue (airways and alveolar) damage
Lung Function Tests Obstructive Diseases
Total Lung Capacity = _____
Residual Volume = _____
Total Lung Capacity = Increased
Residual Volume = increased
Emphysema causes what? ( 2 things)
Smoking =
Emphysema
decreased Alveolar Surface Area
decreased O2 Uptake and CO2 Offloading
Smoking = Main cause Tar causes lower diffusion.
Hypoxia in pulmonary blood vessels =
Causes (3 things)
Hypoxia (not enough oxygen)in pulmonary blood vessels = Major cause of death.
- vasoconstriction
- pulmonary hypertension
- increased afterload on right ventricle causing right Ventricle Heart Failure
Monitor O2 Saturation
- Normal Hb% - ____-___%
- Mild - ___ to ___%
- Mod - ___ to ___%
- Severe - < ___%
Who needs supplemental o2?
Monitor O2 Saturation
- Normal Hb% - 95 to 100%
- Mild - 91 to 94%
- Mod - 86 to 90%
- Severe - < 86%
Mod and severe may need supplemental O2
What is Cystic Fibrosis (CF)?
(5 things)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
- Inherited defective gene which causes the body to produce abnormally thick, sticky mucus.
- 1 in 25-90 have the CF gene (need 2 copies).
- Most common in Whites
- 60% are diagnosed by age 2, 90% by age 10.
- The later your diagnosis, the milder the disease.
What does Cystic Fibrosis (CF) do?
( 4 things)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
- causes mucus to be thick and sticky which clogs the lungs, causing breathing problems
- lung damage and infections
- Respiratory problems is the leading cause of death
- Being fit decreases the mortality risk
Asthma Treatment (Name 3)
- Relievers (Quick Acting Bronchodialators)
- Controllers (Longer Acting Anti-
inflammatory/bronchodialators) - Inhaled Costicosterioids (reducing inflammation)
Asthma and Training
Effect of training: (2 things)
Asthma prevalence among elite athletes is?
Effect of training:
– No effect on resting lung function
– Increased cardiorespiratory fitness
Asthma prevalence among elite athletes is similar if not higher than in non-athletes
Exercise Prescription
pursed-lips breathing benefit:
Long deep breath that are?
Teach pursed-lips breathing:
* “Inhale through your nose, press lips together with a small opening in the center, then exhale slowly — about twice as long as the inhale — in a steady stream.”
- Fewer breaths, deeper breaths — helps breathing feel easier and improves oxygen levels.
Long deep breath that are not as frequent contains more usable gas
Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis (Name 4)
main
* Increased mucus in the sinuses or lungs
* Very salty sweat
* Recurrent episodes of pneumonia.
* Coughing and fatigue
Tests for Cystic Fibrosis (2 things)
- A blood test for CF gene
- Sweat chloride test. A high salt level in the
patient’s sweat is a sign of the disease
Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis
None
Exercise in Cystic Fibrosis (Name 2)
- Aerobic Exercise is best
- Dehydration and loss of
salt through sweating = Drink lots of water and High salt solutions
