Feb 26 Respiratory System Flashcards
The Airways in Asthma
Usually bronchioles do not contribute to airway resistance because:
Asthma is associated with:
Usually bronchioles do not contribute to airway resistance because their total x-sectional area is 2000 times that of the trachea.
Asthma is associated with bronchoconstriction, edema and mucus
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
COPD =
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
COPD = Bronchitis (Lose shape and clogged with Mucus)+ Emphysema (Fewer alveoli as it gets destroyed)
Impact of COPD
(2 things)
Impact of COPD
- 5th leading cause of death
- Major cause is smoking (environment, infections)
Chronic Bronchitis:
(5 steps)
Chronic Bronchitis
– Airflow obstruction damage (cilia) and cough
– Irritation ->Bronchial tubes become inflamed -> Inner lining swells ->excessive, thick mucus
- Acute bronchitis often develops?
- Most recover in?
- Smokers will have a harder time recovering because?
Mild fever only affects?
- Acute bronchitis often develops 3-4 days after a cold or flu.
- Most recover in 2-3 weeks, but the cough can last 4wk+
- Smokers will have a harder time recovering. Smoking causes damage to cilia
Mild fever only affects acute bronchitis
Treatment for Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis
(Name 4)
Treatment for Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis
* Drink lots of fluids
* Get plenty of rest
* Avoid smoke and fumes
* Viral (antibiotics will not help)
Treatment for Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis
(Name 4)
Treatment for Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis
* Bronchodilators
* Steroids (reduce inflammation)
* Oxygen therapy
* Pulmonary rehab
Emphysema:
(2 steps)
Emphysema
– Alveoli loss elastic recoil, and so the individual needs to work to push air out of their lungs.
– Irritation -> lung tissue (airways and alveolar) damage
Lung Function Tests Obstructive Diseases
Total Lung Capacity = _____
Residual Volume = _____
Total Lung Capacity = Increased
Residual Volume = increased
Emphysema causes what? ( 3 things)
Smoking =
Emphysema
decreased Alveolar Surface Area
decreased O2 Uptake
decreased CO2 Offloading
Smoking = Main cause Tar causes lower diffusion.
Hypoxia in pulmonary blood vessels =
causes (4 things)
Hypoxia in pulmonary blood vessels = Major cause of death.
vasoconstriction
pulmonary hypertension
increased afterload on right ventricle
Can cause Right Ventricle Heart Failure
Monitor O2 Saturation
- Normal Hb% - ____-___%
- Mild - ___ to ___%
- Mod - ___ to ___%
- Severe - < ___%
Who needs supplemental o2?
Monitor O2 Saturation
- Normal Hb% - 95 to 100%
- Mild - 91 to 94%
- Mod - 86 to 90%
- Severe - < 86%
Mod and severe may need supplemental O2
What is Cystic Fibrosis (CF)?
(5 things)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
- Inherited defective gene which causes the body to produce abnormally thick, sticky mucus.
- 1 in 25-90 have the CF gene (need 2 copies).
- Most common in Whites
- 60% are diagnosed by age 2, 90% by age 10.
- The later your diagnosis, the milder the disease.
What does Cystic Fibrosis (CF) do?
( 5 things)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
- causes mucus to be thick and sticky.
- Mucus clogs the lungs, causing breathing problems
- Can lead to repeated lung infections and lung damage.
- Respiratory problems is the leading cause of death
Being fit decreases the mortality risk
Asthma Treatment (Name 3)
- Relievers (Quick Acting Bronchodialators)
- Controllers (Longer Acting Anti-
inflammatory/bronchodialators) - Inhaled Costicosterioids (reducing inflammation)
Asthma and Training
Effect of training: (2 things)
Asthma prevalence among elite athletes is?
Effect of training:
– No effect on resting lung function
– Increased cardiorespiratory fitness
Asthma prevalence among elite athletes is similar if not higher than in non-athletes
Exercise Prescription
(2 things)
Long deep breath that are?
- Should be instructed in pursed-lips breathing
– “Breathe in through nose, keep lips firmly together except at the very center, breath out twice as long as you breath in. When exhaling, blow the air in a steady stream.” - This decreases (less breathing but bigger breath) breathing frequency, increases tidal volume, and gives an improved sense of control for breathing and oxygenation
Long deep breath that are?
Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis (Name 3)
main
* Increased mucus in the sinuses or lungs
* Very salty sweat
* Recurrent episodes of pneumonia.
- Coughing
- Fatigue
Tests for Cystic Fibrosis (2 things)
- A blood test for CF gene
- Sweat chloride test. A high salt level in the
patient’s sweat is a sign of the disease
Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis
None
Exercise in Cystic Fibrosis (Name 4)
- Aerobic Exercise is best
- Need to be careful about dehydration and loss of
salt through sweating - Drink lots of water
- High salt solutions (replace salt lost)
