Jan 22 Type 1 Diabetes

Question 1

“The Pissing Evil” is refer to as ______

After January 1922, a diagnosis of Juvenile diabetes was called what, and was it fatal?

Answer 1

“The Pissing Evil” is refer to as Type 1 Diabetes

Before January 1922, a diagnosis of Juvenile diabetes (now called Type 1 diabetes) was a death sentence.

Question 2

Symptoms included

(Name 4)

What caused fruity breath? (2 things)

Answer 2

Symptoms included

• Weight loss and physical Exhaustion
• Frequent and sweet urine
• Sweet smelling breath
• Coma, death

Fruity breath is because of the Ketone and burning fat

Question 3

On Jan. 22, 1922, Leonard was
injected with an experimental
treatment called _____ (later
called _____).

Answer 3

On Jan. 22, 1922, Leonard was
injected with an experimental
treatment called isletin (later
called insulin).

Question 4

Type 1 Diabetes AKA (2 names)

What is it?

Answer 4

Juvenile Diabetes or Insulin-dependent Diabetes)

An autoimmune-based metabolic disease that requires insulin to live!

Question 5

Diagnosis rates of type 1 diabetes by age and sex

The highest incidence rate for diagnosis is in the which years?

what is the chance of developing T1D in your teens?

Answer 5

Type 1 diabetes can be diagnosed at any age but the highest incidence rate for diagnosis is in the teen years
* ~0.05% chance of developing T1D in your teens

Question 6

Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes

The basic pathophysiology is what?

(3 factors)

Answer 6

Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes

The basic pathophysiology is the autoimmune destruction and loss of beta cells
A) Genetic susceptibility
B) Autoimmune factors
C) Certain environmental factors (i.e., triggers for the immune system such as a virus or illness)

Question 7

Genetic link and Environmental Triggers

*Identical twin studies show what?

environmental trigger?

Answer 7

• If one twin has type 1 diabetes, the likelihood that the other has type 1 is ~50%
• No single environmental trigger is proven…but several possible triggers exist…

Question 8

Closed system for type 1

(5 steps)

Answer 8

Closed system for type 1

Food -> individual -> glucose sensor -> algorithmic controller -> insulin pump. (repeat)

Question 9

Is there a cure for type 1?

Answer 9

ISLET TRANSPLANT

Possible but not enough doners and must continue to take antirejection drugs

Question 10

ISLET TRANSPLANT process?

(4 steps)

Answer 10

• Donor pancreas
• Islet harvesting
• Islet introduced
• Insulin from Islets