Jan 27 Treatments for type 2

Question 1

What is the biology behind T2D?

1. _____ resistance
2. Inability to produce _____ insulin to keep glucose in the normal range (~___-___ mmol/l)

Answer 1

What is the biology behind T2D?

1. Insulin resistance
2. Inability to produce ENOUGH insulin to keep glucose in the normal range
   (~4-9 mmol/l)

Question 2

What if pre-diabetes already exists?

◦ Prediabetes is when glucose levels are not in the _____ _____. For a diagnosis of prediabetes, the morning fasted glucose is elevated into the pre-diabetes range (called _____ _____ _____: ___ to ___ mmol/L), or the glucose 2 hours after an OGTT is a little elevated (called _____ _____ _____: ___ hr glucose between ___ to ___ mmol/L), or if the results of the _____ test is between ___% to ___%.

Answer 2

What if pre-diabetes already exists?

◦ Prediabetes is when glucose levels are not in the normal range. For a diagnosis of prediabetes, the morning fasted glucose is elevated into the pre-diabetes range (called impaired fasting glucose: 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L), or the glucose 2 hours after an OGTT is a little elevated (called impaired glucose tolerance: 2 hr glucose between 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L), or if the results of the HbA1c test is between 6.0% to 6.4%.

Question 3

___%-% energy from complex carbs

Answer 3

50-60% energy from complex carbs

Question 4

The most effective treatment for diabetes prevention in those already diagnosed with pre-diabetes was _____ modification causing weight loss. The reduction in risk of developing T2D with lifestyle was ~___% with lifestyle vs placebo and only about ___% with _____.

Answer 4

The most effective treatment for diabetes prevention in those already diagnosed with pre-diabetes was lifestyle modification causing weight loss. The reduction in risk of developing T2D with lifestyle was ~68% with lifestyle vs placebo and only about 20% with metformin.

Question 5

~___ different classifications of medications for T2D

Answer 5

~12 different classifications of medications for T2D

Question 6

Metformin
Mechanism: Reduces _____ glucose _____and increases insulin _____ in muscle and fat tissue.

Answer 6

Metformin
Mechanism: Reduces liver glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissue.