Jan 20 Eating Disorders Flashcards
Types of Eating Disorders
(Name 3)
Types of Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge Eating Disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
Symptoms:
(Name 3)
(3 facts)
Anorexia Nervosa
- Body image distortion
- Extremely low body weight
- Intense fear of gaining weight
- ~0.3 to 1% of the population
- 10x more common in women
- Begins most commonly in early teens
Anorexia Nervosa Behaviours
(5 facts)
Anorexia Nervosa Behaviours
- Severe restriction of food intake
- Excessive exercise
- May misuse laxatives, diet aids,
etc. - Most progress to purging
through self-induced vomiting - Will deny they have a problem
Anorexia Nervosa Signs and Symptoms
(Name 3)
Anorexia Nervosa Signs and Symptoms
- Irritability, insomnia, and intense
preoccupation with food - Weight loss
- Abdominal pain
- Dizziness and/or fainting
- Feeling cold all the time
- Anaemia
- Social withdrawal
- Feelings of inefficacy or hopelessness
- Rigid, all-or-nothing thinking
Main
* Dresses in layers or clothing that
disguises one’s body shape
* Denies feeling hungry, or makes excuses
to avoid meals
* Perfectionism
Anorexia Nervosa Consequences
- 5% to _____ will die from anorexia
complications - Death may result due to _____, _____, or
_____ imbalances - _____ problems
- Anemia
- Osteopenia or _____)
- Kidney stones or kidney failure
- Lack of _____(amenorrhea)
*During pregnancy, a higher risk for
_____, cesarean delivery, or having a
baby with _____
Anorexia Nervosa Consequences
* Heart problems
* Anemia
* Osteopenia or osteoporosis)
* Kidney stones or kidney failure
Main
* 5% to 20% will die from anorexia
complications
* Death may result due to suicide, starvation, or electrolyte imbalances
* Lack of periods (amenorrhea)
*During pregnancy, a higher risk for
miscarriage, cesarean delivery, or having a
baby with low birth weight
Bulimia Nervosa
(3 facts)
Bulimia Nervosa
- periods of food restriction followed by binge eating (eating large amounts of food), with recurrent compensating behaviours such as purging or restriction.
- Individuals have a feeling of lack of control over their eating
- Unlike anorexia nervosa, people with bulimia nervosa may have a normal weight or be overweight.
Bulimia Nervosa
How many are females, and what is the population?
Bulimia Nervosa
- 1-3% of the population
- 90% of cases are female
Bulimia Nervosa Signs and Symptoms
(Name 5)
Bulimia Nervosa Signs and Symptoms
Main
* Tooth pain, or discoloured teeth
* Bloating
* Dehydration
* Purging, or evidence of purging behaviours like frequent trips to the washroom after
meals
* Guilt and anxiety surrounding food or eating
- Restricting food intake
- Anxiety, especially social anxiety
- Concern with body weight or shape
- Weight change, including weight loss or weight gain
- Swelling in the cheeks or jaw
- Calluses or cuts on the hands and knuckles from purging
Thinness and body shape of Playboy
centerfolds from 1978 to 1998
_____ of Women
Mean BMI ~ _____
(1978 CCHS)
_____ of Women
Mean BMI ~ _____
(2004 CCHS)
Thinness and body shape of Playboy
centerfolds from 1978 to 1998
~3.5% of Women
Mean BMI ~ 25 kg/m2
(1978 CCHS)
~2.5% of Women
Mean BMI ~ 27 kg/m2
(2004 CCHS)
Eating Disorders are one of the most deadly
Mental Health Condition
Anorexia patients
* Age at death:
* _____ years from disorder to death
BN patients
* Age at death:
* _____ years from disorder to death
Depression - ~ _____ years less
T1D – _____ years less
T2D – _____ years less
Heart Attack – _____ years less
Eating Disorders are one of the most deadly
Mental Health Condition
Anorexia patients
* Age at death: 36 years of age
* 16 years from disorder to death
BN patients
* Age at death: 42 years of age
* 19 years from disorder to death
Depression shortens life by ~ 10 years
T1D – 8 years less
T2D – 2 years less
Heart Attack – 16 years less
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
(Name 3)
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
Biology and genetics
* Genetics
Psychology
* Body dissatisfaction
* Low self-esteem
* Personality traits (e.g. perfectionism)
Socio-cultural
* Influence of media
Disordered Eating in Athletes
What are the rates in male and female athletes?
What are the rates in the general public?
Sports that value _____or have _____ are more likely to have eating disorders
Disordered Eating in Athletes
- 0–19% in male athletes and 6–45% in female athletes.
- Much higher than the general public (<5%)
- Sports that value leanness or have weight classes are more likely to have eating disorders
Treatment for Eating Disorders
(Name 4)
Treatment for Eating Disorders
Nutrition therapy.
* Help the patient eat healthy
and to reach and maintain a healthy weight.
Psychotherapy.
* Focuses on the importance of talking about your feelings and how they affect what you do.
Support groups.
* Can be helpful for some people when added to other treatments.
Medicine.
* Antidepressants
Many people with anorexia do not fully recover from it
“Full recovery means?
(2 facts)
Many people with anorexia do not fully recover from it
“Full recovery means that patients can find joy in their daily life, free from the physical and
psychological effects caused by restrictive dieting.”
Anorexia Nervosa Causes:
Who has a higher mortality rate?
Anorexia Nervosa Causes
- Unknown – may be related to genes, social factors, family factors, self-esteem and mental health
- Males have a higher mortality rate
- Those with eating disorders die much earlier
