Jan 24 Type 2 Flashcards
4 Main Types of Diabetes Exist
Which is the most common?
4 Main Types
(type 2 is the most common (90%):
Type I Formally:
* Insulin Dependent Diabetes
* Juvenile Diabetes
Type II Formally:
* Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes
* Adult-onset Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Secondary Diabetes
What percent of Canadian adults are living with diabetes or pre-diabetes?
What percent of Canadians live with T2D?
What percent of Canadians live with T1D?
What percent of Canadians live with Pre diabetes?
What is the cost of treating diabetes in Canada in 2019?
~30% of Canadian adults are living with diabetes or pre-diabetes
~15% of Canadians live with T2D, (the other 15% are mostly pre-diabetes, with T1D occurring in ~0.7% of Canadians)
The direct cost of treating diabetes in Canada in 2019 was about $29 billion. ◦ That equals $79 million every day largely from current treatments
In the USA who is more risk?
In the Canada who is more risk?
In the USA females are at more risk then males… In Canada, males are at higher risk!
DIABETES RISK IS HIGHER IN SOME ETHNIC
(Name 4 in order)
DIABETES RISK IS HIGHER IN SOME ETHNIC
South asian
Chinese
Black
White
Diabetes is the most common cause of? (Name 3)
Mismanaged diabetes can also lead to?
(Name 3)
People with diabetes may have life-threatening reactions to?
Diabetes is the most common cause:
* Blindness
* Kidney failure
* Non-traumatic amputation of the toes, feet, or legs.
Mismanaged diabetes can lead to:
* Heart disease and stroke
* Nerve damage
* Decreased blood flow, which could cause amputation.
People with diabetes may have life-threatening reactions to
* Very High and low blood sugar caused by diabetes medications
Type 2 Diabetes Key Points
- What are chances of developing type 2 diabetes in 20 year old canadians lifetime.
- Diabetics have? (2 things)
(if an individual is diagnosed at age 40 years, men will lose _____ life-years and women will lose _____ life-years)
What predicts some of the risk, but not all the risk?
- The highest estimated lifetime risk for T2D is among?
Type 2 Diabetes Key Points
Canadians 20 years old face a ~50% chance of developing type 2 diabetes in their lifetime.
Individuals with diabetes have:
* Reductions in life expectancy
* Higher risk of cardiovascular disease and complications associated with high glucose levels
(If an individual is diagnosed at age 40 years, men will lose 11.6 life-years and women will lose 14.3 life-years)
BMI (i.e. obesity) predicts some of the risk, but not all the risk
The highest estimated lifetime risk for T2D is among
* non-white or non-Caucasians living in Westernized societies.
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes?
(Name 4)
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes?
- Previously had prediabetes or gestational diabetes or given birth to a baby who weighed over 9 pounds (>4.0 kg).
- Are overweight or +45 years
- Family with type 2
- Are physically active less than 3 times a week.
Symptoms of Type II Diabetes
(Name 5)
Symptoms of Type II Diabetes
Main
* Frequent Thirst, urination, Fatigue, Infections
- Unexplained weight loss, Central obesity
- Blurred Vision
- Slow to heal from cuts and bruises
- Dry Itchy Skin or Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
(Name 2)
Diagnosis
HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) blood test
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Process (3 steps)
Diagnosis is confirmed when: (2 things)
1) Fast for 8-12 hours
2) Drink 75 g of glucose
3) Test Blood for glucose after 2 hours
Diagnosis is confirmed when
* A high fasting glucose (>7.0 mmol/L)
* 11.1 mM after a 2-hour 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
What is the biology behind T2D?
(2 facts)
What is the biology behind T2D?
- Insulin resistance
- Inability to produce ENOUGH insulin to keep glucose in the normal range (~4-9 mmol/l)
HbA1c blood test:
Normal =
Prediabetes =
Diabetes =
HbA1c levels:
Below 5.7% = Normal
5.7% to 6.4% = Prediabetes
6.5% or higher = Diabetes
