Jan 24 Type 2 Flashcards
4 Main Types of Diabetes Exist
Which is the most common
4 Main Types of Diabetes Exist (type 2 is the
most common form at about 90% of all cases):
Type I Formally:
Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Formally: Juvenile Diabetes
Type II
Formally: Non-InsulinDependent Diabetes
Adult-onset Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Secondary Diabetes
~___% of Canadian adults are living with diabetes or pre-diabetes
~___% of Canadians live with _____, (the other ___% are mostly _____, with ___ occurring in ~___% of Canadians)
The direct cost of treating diabetes in Canada in 2019 was about $___ billion. ◦ That equals $___ million every day largely from current treatments
~30% of Canadian adults are living with diabetes or pre-diabetes
~15% of Canadians live with T2D, (the other 15% are mostly pre-diabetes, with T1D occurring in ~0.7% of Canadians)
The direct cost of treating diabetes in Canada in 2019 was about $29 billion. ◦ That equals $79 million every day largely from current treatments
In the USA _____ are at more risk then males… In Canada, _____ are at higher risk!
In the USA females are at more risk then males… In Canada, males are at higher risk!
DIABETES RISK IS HIGHER IN SOME ETHNIC
(Name 4 in order)
DIABETES RISK IS HIGHER IN SOME ETHNIC
South asian
Chinese
Black
White
Diabetes is the most common cause of? (Name 3)
Mismanaged diabetes can also lead to?
(Name 5)
People with diabetes may have life-threatening reactions to? ( 2 things)
Diabetes is the most common cause of blindness, kidney failure, and non-traumatic amputation of the toes, feet, or legs.
Mismanaged diabetes can also lead to heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, and decreased blood flow, which could cause amputation.
People with diabetes may have life-threatening reactions to extremely high blood sugar, as well as extremely low blood sugar caused by diabetes medications
Type 2 Diabetes Key Points
- Canadians who are now 20 years old face a ~___% chance of developing type 2 diabetes in their lifetime.
- Individuals diagnosed as having diabetes have reductions in _____ _____ (if an individual is diagnosed at age 40 years, men will lose ___ life-years and women will lose ___ life-years) and a much higher risk of cardiovascular disease and other complications associated with high glucose levels
What predicts some of the risk, but not all the risk?
- The highest estimated lifetime risk for T2D is among? (Name 2)
Type 2 Diabetes Key Points
- Canadians who are now 20 years old face a ~50% chance of developing type 2 diabetes in their lifetime.
- Individuals diagnosed as having diabetes have reductions in life expectancy (if an individual is diagnosed at age 40 years, men will lose 11.6 life-years and women will lose 14.3 life-years) and a much higher risk of cardiovascular disease and other complications associated with high glucose levels
- BMI (i.e. obesity) predicts some of the risk, but not all the risk
- The highest estimated lifetime risk for T2D is among non-white or non-Caucasians living in Westernized societies.
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes?
(Name 6)
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes?
- Previously had prediabetes (slightly elevated glucose levels).
- Are overweight.
- Are 45 years or older.
- Have a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes.
- Are physically active less than 3 times a week. * Have ever had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) or given birth to a baby who weighed over 9 pounds (>4.0 kg).
Symptoms of Type II Diabetes
(Name 4)
Symptoms of Type II Diabetes
Main
* Frequent urination
* Thirst
* Fatigue
* Frequent Infections
- Central obesity
- Unexplained weight loss
- Blurred Vision
- Slow to heal from cuts and bruises
- Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
- Dry Itchy Skin
Diagnosis?
(Name 2)
Diagnosis
HbA1c blood test
Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)
Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
A high fasting glucose (>___ mmol/L) or a 2-hour 75g Oral
Diabetes > ____mM
Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
A high fasting glucose (>7.0 mmol/L) or a 2-hour 75g Oral
Diabetes > 11.1 mM is a diagnosis of diabetes
What is the biology behind T2D?
(2 facts)
What is the biology behind T2D?
- Insulin resistance
- Inability to produce ENOUGH insulin to keep glucose in the normal range (~4-9 mmol/l)
