Feb 24 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Cilia push what?

A

Cilia push foreign substances and mucous up, until the epiglottis, so that it can be swallowed.

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2
Q

Conductive Zone (no gas exchange): (5 steps)

What does it do?

A

Conductive Zone (no gas exchange):
Mouth/nose ->Trachea ->Larynx -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles

Humidifies, warms and filters air!

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3
Q

Respiratory Zone:

A

Respiratory Zone (gas exchange):

Bronchioles –> Alveoli

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4
Q

Inhaled =___% O2
Exhaled = ___% O2

A

Inhaled = 21% O2
Exhaled 15% O2

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5
Q

Inspiration uses which muscles?

Exhalation uses which muscles?

A

Inspiration
External Intercostal Muscles

Exhalation
Passive – no muscle
Forced – Internal Intercostal Muscle

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6
Q

Minute Ventilation (rest) =

A

Minute Ventilation (rest) = Breathing Freq (breath/min) * Tidal Volume (L)

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7
Q

Main types of Respiratory Disease

(Name 3)

A

Main types of Respiratory Disease

1) Pulmonary circulation diseases
2) Restrictive Lung tissue diseases
3) Airway diseases

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8
Q

Pulmonary circulation diseases:

A

Pulmonary circulation diseases
-Clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels.

i.e. Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hemorrhage

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9
Q

The Path of Blood Flow:
Pulmonary vasculature acts as a?

A

Blood goes from the veins to the lungs and then the heart

Pulmonary vasculature acts as a sieve/filter for clots protecting the heart

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10
Q

Pulmonary embolism:

The symptoms may include:

A

Pulmonary embolism

Blockage in the pulmonary blood vessels

The symptoms may include: not being able to breathe

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11
Q

Some people find out that they have deep vein thrombosis only after?

Treatments include ______

A

Some people find out that they have deep vein thrombosis only after the clot has moved from the leg and traveled to the lung (pulmonary embolism).

Treatments include Anticoagulants (anti-clot)

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12
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease causes

(3 things)

A

Restrictive Lung Disease

  • Non-uniform distribution of ventilation
    – Some alveolar units are not exposed to gas
  • Fibrosis also impairs gas transfer at the
    alveolar-capillary surface
  • Poor gas exchange
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13
Q

Scoliosis ( 4 things)

A

Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a severe lateral curve in the spine -> deformation in the chest wall ->limited chest movement -> reduced lung volumes.

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14
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis:
caused by:

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis (Lung tissue is thick)
caused:
* infections,
* environmental agents like asbestos and silica
* chronic inflammation

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15
Q

Exercise in Restrictive Lung Disease Patients

(3 things)

A

4x O 2 requirement = reduction in maximal stroke volume

increased respiratory (breathe faster) rate as opposed to tidal volume (deeper breaths).

Competition between respiratory and locomotive muscles for O2

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16
Q

Dead Air Space and Gas Exchange

Dead Air Space =
Tidal Volume =
Residual Volume =

Only _____ ml of new air is available for gas exchange

A

Dead Air Space = ~150 ml
Tidal Volume = 500 ml
Residual Volume = 1100 ml

Only 350 ml of new air is available for gas exchange

17
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

Reduced lung compliance (Stiff lung):
(3 things)

A

Increased work of breathing (Increased lung O2 demand)
Reduced tidal volumes (Shallow breaths)
Increased expiratory and respiratory flow rates