Feb 24 Respiratory System Flashcards
Cilia push what?
Cilia push foreign substances and mucous up, until the epiglottis, so that it can be swallowed.
Conductive Zone (no gas exchange): (5 steps)
What does it do?
Conductive Zone (no gas exchange):
Mouth/nose ->Trachea ->Larynx -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles
Humidifies, warms and filters air!
Respiratory Zone:
Respiratory Zone (gas exchange):
Bronchioles –> Alveoli
Inhaled =___% O2
Exhaled = ___% O2
Inhaled = 21% O2
Exhaled 15% O2
Inspiration uses which muscles?
Exhalation uses which muscles?
Inspiration
External Intercostal Muscles
Exhalation
Passive – no muscle
Forced – Internal Intercostal Muscle
Minute Ventilation (rest) =
Minute Ventilation (rest) = Breathing Freq (breath/min) * Tidal Volume (L)
Main types of Respiratory Disease
(Name 3)
Main types of Respiratory Disease
1) Pulmonary circulation diseases
2) Restrictive Lung tissue diseases
3) Airway diseases
Pulmonary circulation diseases:
Pulmonary circulation diseases
-Clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels.
i.e. Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hemorrhage
The Path of Blood Flow (2 things)
Blood goes from the veins to the lungs and then the heart
Pulmonary vasculature acts as a sieve/filter for clots protecting the heart
Pulmonary embolism:
The symptoms may include:
Pulmonary embolism
Blockage in the pulmonary blood vessels
The symptoms may include: not being able to breathe
Some people find out that they have deep vein thrombosis only after?
Treatments include ______
Some people find out that they have deep vein thrombosis only after the clot has moved from the leg and traveled to the lung (pulmonary embolism).
Treatments include Anticoagulants (anti-clot)
Restrictive Lung Disease
(3 things)
Restrictive Lung Disease
- Non-uniform distribution of ventilation
– Some alveolar units are not exposed to gas - Fibrosis also impairs gas transfer at the
alveolar-capillary surface - Poor gas exchange
Scoliosis ( 4 things)
Scoliosis
Scoliosis is a severe lateral curve in the spine -> deformation in the chest wall ->limited chest movement -> reduced lung volumes.
Pulmonary Fibrosis can be caused by:
Pulmonary Fibrosis (Lung tissue is thick) can be caused by infections, environmental agents like asbestos and silica, and chronic inflammation
Exercise in Restrictive Lung Disease Patients
(3 things)
Exercise in Restrictive Lung Disease Patients
4x O 2 requirement Plus, reduction in maximal stroke volume
Ventilation increased by increased respiratory rate as opposed to tidal volume
Greater competition between respiratory and locomotive muscles for a lower total O2 supply
Dead Air Space and Gas Exchange
Dead Air Space =
Tidal Volume =
Residual Volume =
Only _____ ml of new air is available for gas exchange
Dead Air Space = ~150 ml
Tidal Volume = 500 ml
Residual Volume = 1100 ml
Only 350 ml of new air is available for gas exchange
Restrictive Lung Disease
Reduced lung compliance (Stiff lung):
(4 things)
Increased work of breathing
– Increased lung O2 demand
Reduced tidal volumes (Shallow breaths)
Increased expiratory flow rates
Increased respiratory rate
