Mar 17 Muscle 3 Flashcards
Slow Twitch Oxidative:
(3 things)
Fuel source:
ATPase activity:
Slow Twitch Oxidative - Type 1
- Slow contractions and Resistant to fatigue
- More Mitochondria, Myoglobin and more efficient
- Have high capillary density
FAT and CHO = main fuel source
ATPase activity = lowest
Fast Twitch Glycolytic:
(3 things)
Fuel source:
ATPase activity:
Fast Twitch Glycolytic - Type 2b
- Developed and fatigue more quickly
- Relies on an Anaerobic mechanism
- Little aerobic energy supply production
Major fuel = Phosphocreatine
ATPase activity = highest
Fast Twitch Oxidative:
Major fuel source:
ATPase activity:
Fast Twitch Oxidative - Type 2a
Aerobic and anaerobic energy-generating capacities
Major fuel source = Glycogen
ATPase activity = moderate
Type 1
Description -
Oxidative Capacity -
Glycolytic Capacity -
Contractile Speed -
Resistance to Fatigue -
Motor Unit Power output -
Colour -
Mitochondria -
Diameter -
Myoglobin -
Type 1
Description - Oxidative/Slow twitch
Oxidative Capacity - High
Glycolytic Capacity - Slow
Contractile Speed - Slow
Resistance to Fatigue - High
Motor Unit Power output - Low
Colour - Dark Red
Mitochondria - High Content
Diameter - Narrow
Myoglobin - High
Type 2a
Description -
Oxidative Capacity -
Glycolytic Capacity -
Contractile Speed -
Resistance to Fatigue -
Motor Unit Power output -
Colour -
Mitochondria -
Diameter -
Myoglobin -
Type 2a
Description - Fast Twitch /Oxidative
Oxidative Capacity - intermediate
Glycolytic Capacity - intermediate
Contractile Speed - Fast
Resistance to Fatigue - Moderate
Motor Unit Power output - Moderate-high
Colour - Red
Mitochondria - Moderate content
Diameter - intermediate
Myoglobin -Moderate
Type 2b/2x
Description -
Oxidative Capacity -
Glycolytic Capacity -
Contractile Speed -
Resistance to Fatigue -
Motor Unit Power output -
Colour -
Mitochondria -
Diameter -
Myoglobin -
Type 2b/2x
Description - fast twitch glycolytic
Oxidative Capacity - low
Glycolytic Capacity - high
Contractile Speed - fast
Resistance to Fatigue - low
Motor Unit Power output - high
Colour - white
Mitochondria - low content
Diameter - wide
Myoglobin -low
Muscles can be said to have 3 main types of energy “systems”:
Muscles can be said to have 3 main types of energy “systems”:
1) Free ATP and creatine phosphate (or PCr)
2) Glycogen to Lactate (Glycolysis-Anerobic
metabolism)
3) Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP-CP System:
ATP production:
Fuel:
Anaerobic vs aerobic:
Stored in the:
ATP-CP System
Immediate energy - Type 2b/2x
high rate of ATP production but low capacity of ATP production
Fuel = Phosphocreatine and is depleted after maximal exercise lasting 10-15 secs
Oxygen is not required
ATP and PCr are stored intramuscularly
Glycolysis:
ATP production:
Fuel:
Anaerobic vs aerobic:
Stored in the:
Glycolysis
Short-term but fastish energy production that occurs in the cytosol of the cell
Capacity is lower than oxidative but higher than ATP-PCr system
Glycogen - predominates from 10 sec - 2 mins (the first 60 sec is usually anaerobic)
Oxygen not required
Glycogen is stored in the liver, in the muscle, and a small amount in the blood.
Oxidative:
ATP production:
Anaerobic vs aerobic:
Fuel:
Stored in the:
Oxidative
Long-term energy system
Lowest rate of ATP production but has the highest Capacity
Oxygen is required
At rest we use fat, intense activity uses Carbs, Slower to ramp 2-5min
Fatty acids are stored as triglyceride
ATP production
Glycolysis =
Kreb Cycle =
Oxidative =
ATP production
Glycolysis = 2 ATP
Kreb Cycle = 2 Atp
Oxidative = 32 - 34 ATP
Muscle fatigue: (4 things)
Central fatigue – when the brain reduces the signal to muscles.
Neuromuscular junction issues – problems with signal transmission between nerves and muscles.
Fuel depletion – low levels of blood glucose or muscle glycogen reduce energy supply.
Ion imbalances – issues with calcium (Ca²⁺) handling or other ions inside the muscle can disrupt contraction.
What is the fundamental fuel used to sustain both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation?
For many intense activities, muscle glycogen may:
*Glycogen is the fundamental fuel used to sustain both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
For many intense activities, muscle glycogen may fall too low to generate enough ATP from glycolysis…
During intense muscle activity:
Common By-products: (3 things)
These by-products can: (2 things)
During intense muscle activity
* the rate of ATP use becomes greater than the rate of ATP production. As ATP levels drop, various metabolic by-products build up in the muscle.
Common By-products:
* Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
* Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and ADP
* AMP and MP (inosine monophosphate)
These by-products can:
- Disrupt Na⁺(Sodium)/K⁺(Potassium) balance
- Interfere with Ca²⁺ release and reuptake and can reduce actin-myosin interaction
Cellular Respiration process (only names)
(name 3)
Glycolysis
Kreb cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
