Mar 17 Muscle 3 Flashcards
Slow Twitch Oxidative - Type 1
(Name 8 things)
Slow Twitch Oxidative - Type 1
Slow contractions
more efficient
More Mitochondria
Myoglobin
Resistant to fatigue
Have high capillary density
FAT and CHO = main fuel sources
ATPase activity = lowest
Fast Twitch Glycolytic - Type 2b
(6 things)
Fast Twitch Glycolytic - Type 2b
Developed more quickly
Fatigue more quickly
Relies on an Anaerobic mechanism
Little aerobic energy supply production
major fuel = Phosphocreatine
ATPase activity = highest
Fast Twitch Oxidative - Type 2a
( 3 things)
Fast Twitch Oxidative - Type 2a
Aerobic and anaerobic energy-generating capacities
Major fuel source = Glycogen
ATPase activity = moderate
Type 1
Description -
Oxidative Capacity -
Glycolytic Capacity -
Contractile Speed -
Resistance to Fatigue -
Motor Unit Power output -
Colour -
Mitochondria -
Diameter -
Myoglobin -
Type 1
Description - Oxidative/Slow twitch
Oxidative Capacity - High
Glycolytic Capacity - Slow
Contractile Speed - Slow
Resistance to Fatigue - High
Motor Unit Power output - Low
Colour - Dark Red
Mitochondria - High Content
Diameter - Narrow
Myoglobin - High
Type 2a
Description -
Oxidative Capacity -
Glycolytic Capacity -
Contractile Speed -
Resistance to Fatigue -
Motor Unit Power output -
Colour -
Mitochondria -
Diameter -
Myoglobin -
Type 2a
Description - Fast Twitch /Oxidative
Oxidative Capacity - intermediate
Glycolytic Capacity - intermediate
Contractile Speed - Fast
Resistance to Fatigue - Moderate
Motor Unit Power output - Moderate-high
Colour - Red
Mitochondria - Moderate content
Diameter - intermediate
Myoglobin -Moderate
Type 2b/2x
Description -
Oxidative Capacity -
Glycolytic Capacity -
Contractile Speed -
Resistance to Fatigue -
Motor Unit Power output -
Colour -
Mitochondria -
Diameter -
Myoglobin -
Type 2b/2x
Description - fast twitch glycolytic
Oxidative Capacity - low
Glycolytic Capacity - high
Contractile Speed - fast
Resistance to Fatigue - low
Motor Unit Power output - high
Colour - white
Mitochondria - low content
Diameter - wide
Myoglobin -low
Muscles can be said to have 3 main types of energy “systems”:
Muscles can be said to have 3 main types of energy “systems”:
1) Free ATP and creatine phosphate (or PCr)
2) Glycogen to Lactate (Glycolysis-Anerobic
metabolism)
3) Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP-CP System
(7 things)
ATP-CP System
Immediate energy - Type 2b/2x
very high rate of ATP production
Very low capacity of ATP production
Fuel = Phosphocreatine
Fuel is depleted after maximal exercise lasting 10-15 secs
Oxygen is not required
ATP and PCr are stored intramuscularly
Glycolysis
( 7 things)
Glycolysis
Short-term energy production
fastish energy production
Capacity is lower than oxidative but higher than ATP-PCr system
predominates from 10 sec - 2 mins (the first 60 sec is usually anaerobic)
Oxygen not required
Occurs in the cytosol of the cell
Glycogen is stored in the liver, in the muscle, and a small amount in the blood.
Oxidative
(6 things)
Oxidative
Long-term energy system
Lowest rate of ATP production
Highest Capacity
Oxygen is required
Slower to ramp 2-5min
At rest we use fat, intense activity uses Carbs
Fatty acids are stored as triglyceride
ATP production
Glycolysis =
Kreb Cycle =
Oxidative =
ATP production
Glycolysis = 2 ATP
Kreb Cycle = 2 Atp
Oxidative = 32 - 34 ATP
Muscle fatigue:
There is no single cause for muscular fatigue. It may involve the brain (central fatigue), the neuromuscular junction, the inability to provide the muscle enough “fuel” for proper function (like blood glucose or muscle glycogen levels) and/or the handling of calcium or other ions inside the muscle cell.
What is the fundamental fuel used to sustain both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation?
For many intense activities, muscle:
*Glycogen is the fundamental fuel used to sustain both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
For many intense activities, muscle glycogen may fall too low to generate enough ATP from glycolysis…
*With intense muscular activity, ATP production rates are:
Selective by-products are believed to?
By-products include?
*With intense muscular activity, ATP production rates are unable to match ATP utilization rates, and reductions in ATP occur accompanied by accumulation of a range of metabolic by-products
by-products include as hydrogen ions, inorganic phosphate, AMP, ADP and IMP.
Selective by-products are believed to disturb Na+/K+ balance, Ca2+ cycling and actomyosin interaction, resulting in fatigue.
Cellular Respiration process (only names)
(name 3)
Glycolysis
Kreb cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
