Lung & Pleura Flashcards
This pattern of emphysema is seen in smokers?
Centriacinar
Panacinar emphysema is mainly seen in patients with what condition?
a-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Silicosis is due to exposure to what substance ?
Quartz
Lung tropism of the SARS -CoV-2 virus is due to what receptors found on pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells?
ACE 2 receptors
This condition is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and variable expiratory outflow obstruction?
Bronchial asthma
What do you call the permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles due to destruction of smooth muscle and elastic tissue by inflammation associated with persistent severe infection?
Bronchiectasis
What are the four stages of inflammation seen in lobar pneumonia?
- Congestion
- Red hepatization
- Gray hepatization
- Resolution
Which type of lung cancer is most commonly found in females and never smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
What are the 2 common paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small cell lung cancer?
SIADH
Cushing Syndrome
This syndrome is characterized by enophthalmos, ptosis, myosis, and anhidrosis. What do you call the tumors that usually give rise to this syndrome given its characteristic location?
Horner Syndrome, Pancoast tumor
Asbestosis exposure is associated with what cancer?
Malignant Mesothelioma
What is the cytokine secreted by TH1 cells that leads to formation of granulomas?
IFN-y
45/M smoker, Mass location Central (left bronchus). CT guided biopsy- Core: Sheets of atypical cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, intercellular bridges, and dyskeratotic cells. Immunohistochemistry: p40, p63 (+). What’s the diagnosis?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
39/F non-smoker. mass location: Peripheral CT guided biopsy (Core): Atypical cells forming papillary structures, glands, and solid nests withous mucin. Immunohistochemistry: TTF-1, Napsin A (+). What’s the diagnosis?
Invasive Non-mucinous Adenocarcinoma
60/M Smoker. Mass location : Central , CT Guided biopsy shows sheets of small, round, blue cells with crushing artifact on a markedly necrotic background. Immunohistochemistry: Synaptophysin, CD56 (+). What is the diagnosis?
Small Cell ( Oat cell) Carcinoma
35/M concert-goer present with sore throat, cough, colds, and anosmia. What is the diagnosis?
COVID-19
Unvaccinated by COVID-19. Developed with progressive dyspnea with white out lungs on radiography. She eventually expired. What is expected histologic finding in the lungs?
Diffuse Alveolar Damage
A 50/M smoker presents with dyspnea. His spirometry showed FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7. What is the nature of the pulmonary disease?
A. Obstructive
B. Restrictive
Obstructive
55/M , retired miner, presents with dyspnea. Chest Xray shows eggshell calcifications in mediastinal nodes and fine nodularities in both upper lung zones. What’s the Diagnosis?
Silicosis ( Quartz)
55/M Smoker present with long standing dyspnea and dry cough, expired due to vehicular accident. Autopsy shows large numbers of alveolar macrophages with dusty brown pigment within alveolar spaces and minimal fibrous thickening of alveolar walls. Diagnosis
Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)
Smoker, presents with dyspnea & barrel chest. What’s the most likely diagnosis?
Emphysema , Centriacinar
48/M farmer presents with fever, dyspnea, and cough during harvest season. Sputum culture is negative. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
What is the non-obstructive cause of atelectasis?
Loss of surfactant
Diminished breath sounds in the left lower lobe with trachea shifted to the left?
Resorption Atelectasis ( toward the affected)
Note:
Compression atelectasis: away from affected lung
Contraction atelectasis: Prevents full lung expansion
