Kidney

Question 1

This glomerular syndrome is characterized by hematuria, azotemia, variable proteinuria, edema, and hypertension.

Answer 1

Nephritic syndrome

Question 2

This glomerular syndrome is characterized by proteinuria , hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia and lipiduria.

Answer 2

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 3

What is the most common cause of nephritic syndrome in children?
What is the electron microscopic finding in this disease?

Answer 3

Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) ;
Subepithelial humps on glomerular basement membrane (GBM)

Question 4

What is the histologic hallmark for rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis (RPGN)?

Answer 4

Presence of crescents
- proliferation of parietal epithelial cells admixed with leukocytes infiltrating the glomerulus.

Question 5

Which disease is characterized by the presence of antibodies against the non-collagenous domain of a3 chain of type IV collagen, which is an antigen found in both alveoli and glomerular basement membrane?

Answer 5

Good pasture Syndrome ( RPGN Type I)

Question 6

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

Answer 6

Minimal change disease

Question 7

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?

Answer 7

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

Question 8

The electron microscopy findings for this disease include lamina densa that is permeated by a ribbon-like extremely electron dense structure.

Answer 8

Dense deposit disease ( MPGN Type II)

Question 9

This is a common type of glomerulonephritis worldwide and involves IgA deposition limited to the kidneys.

Answer 9

IgA nephropathy ( Bergers Disease)

Question 10

This hereditary syndrome is characterized by the defective assembly of type IV collagen , leading to abnormalities in the eyes , ears, and kidney.

Answer 10

Alport Syndrome

Question 11

Struvite stones are associated with infection from which pathogen?

Answer 11

Proteus

Question 12

Where is the most common site of metastasis for renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 12

Lung >50%

Question 13

What is the cytogenic origin for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 13

Intercalated cells of collecting ducts

Question 14

What is the most common malignant kidney tumor?

Answer 14

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 15

What is the second most common malignant kidney tumor?

Answer 15

Wilms tumor

Question 16

11 / M with prior history of sore throat presents with hematuria and hypertension. Renal biopsy: Lumpy bumpy appearance on immunoflourescence , Subepithelial humps on electron microscopy. Diagnosis?

Answer 16

Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN)

Question 17

30/F with prior history of sore throat presents with hematuria, hypertension, oliguria, and azotemia. Renal biopsy: Crescents. Diagnosis?

Answer 17

Rapidly Progressing Glomerulonephritis, Type II

Question 18

20/M with hematuria and hearing loss. Renal biopsy : Basket weave appearance on electron microscopy. Diagnosis?

Answer 18

Alport Syndrome

Question 19

20/ M hemoptysis and hematuria. Renal biopsy : Crescents with linear pattern of immunoflourescence. Diagnosis?

Answer 19

Goodpasture syndrome

Question 20

60/M known case of multiple myeloma presents with oliguria and azotemia. Renal biopsy: Pink to blue masses obstructing tubular lumina. Diagnosis?

Answer 20

Light Chain Cast Nephropathy

Question 21

Which of the following antibody is found in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Answer 21

Anti-streptolysin or Anti-hyaluronidase

Question 22

Post-tonsillectomy patient brought to the ER because of bleeding at the operative site. He vomited copious amounts of blood. If he would develop renal failure , what type would nost probably occur?

Answer 22

Pre-renal failure due to blood loss

Question 23

Condition with distinctive crescents formed by proliferation of parietal cells and margination of monocytes and macrophages in the urinary space in light microscopy?

Answer 23

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 24

Pathology of a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with concomitant diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage?

Answer 24

Presence of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies , Goodpasture syndrome

Question 25

Which of the following are typical symptoms of kidney failure?

Answer 25

1. Pruritus
2. Hallucinations
3. Insomnia

Question 26

Causes of glomerulonephritis show formation of crescents. These are due to proliferation of ?

Answer 26

Bowmans capsule epithelial cells