Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Intrinsict mechanisms that are poised to react immediately and thus constitute the first line of defense?

A

Innate Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cells that recognize and destroy severely stressed or abnormal cells , such as virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

A

Natural killer Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phenomenon known to express CD 16 that confers on NK cells the ability to lyse IgG coated target cells.

A

ADDC ( Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Consists of mechanisms that are stimulated by exposure to microbes. Mediated by lymphocytes and their products including antibodies.

A

Adaptive Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Protects against extracellular microbes and their toxins, mediated by B lymphocytes and secreted antibodies.

A

Humoral Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Responsible for defense against extracellular microbes, mediated by T lymphocytes.

A

Cell Mediated Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mature lymphocytes that have not encountered the antigen for which they are specific.

A

Naive lymphocytes ( Immunologically Inexperienced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Perform the function of eliminating microbes.

A

Effector cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Live in a state of heightened awareness and are able to react rapidly and strongly to combat the microbe in case it returns.

A

Memory Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False

60% of Mature T cells are CD4+

A

True

60% are CD4+
30% are CD 8+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stimulate B lymphocytes to make antibodies and activate other leukocytes to destroy microbes.

A

Helper T lymphocytes or CD4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kill infected cells and recognize cell-bound antigens only in association with class I MHC molecules.

A

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Limit immune responses and prevent reactions against self-antigens.

A

Regulatory T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Only cells in the body capable of producing antibody molecules.

A

B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most important antigen-presenting cells for initiating T-cell responses against protein antigens.

A

Dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Immature dendritic cells within the epidermis.

A

Langerhans cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Present in the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles in the spleen and lymph nodes and plays a role in humoral responses by presenting antigens to B cells in the germinal center.

A

FDC ( Follicular Dendritic Cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functions for phagocytosis and antigen presentation.

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Destroy irreversibly stressed and abnormal cells , such as virus infected cells and tumor cells.

A

NK cells (CD26, CD56)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does T cells develop?

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Secondary peripheral lymphoid organs. (4)

A
  1. Lymph nodes
  2. Spleen
  3. Mucosal Lymphoid Tissues (Gastrointestinal & Respiratory tracts)
  4. Cutaneous Lymphoid Tissues ( Epithelia of Skin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What part of the spleen T lymphocytes resides?

A

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths surrounding small arterioles

24
Q

What part of the spleen B lymphocytes resides?

A

Follicles ( Splenic White Pulp)

25
Q

Class I MHC ( Major Histocompatibility Complex) are recognized by what T cells?

A

CD8+ T lymphocytes

26
Q

Class II MHC ( Major Histocompatibility Complex) are recognized by what T cells?

A

CD4+ T cells

27
Q

Cells that secrete the cytokine IFN-delta, which is a potent macrophage activator.

A

TH 1 cells

28
Q

Produce IL-4 that stimulates B cells to differentiate into IgE secreting plasma cells.

A

TH2 cells

29
Q

Produce IL-5 which activates eosinophils.

A

TH2 Cells

30
Q

Secretes IL-17 that recruits neutrophils and monocytes.

A

TH17 cells

31
Q

Polysaccharides and lipids stimulate secretion of what antibody?

A

IgM

32
Q

What antibody coats / opsonize microbes and target them for phagocytosis?

A

IgG

33
Q

Antibodies that activates the Classical pathway of Complement system? (2)

A

IgG & IgM

34
Q

Secreted from mucosal epithelia and neutralizes microbes in the lumens of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

A

IgA

35
Q

Antibody that cooperates to eosinophils to kill parasites, mainly by release of eosinophil granule contents that are toxic to the worms.

A

IgE

36
Q

Any substance that prompts your body to trigger an immune response against it.

A

Antigen
Eg. Allergens, bacteria, virus..

37
Q

Are Y-shaped proteins produced upon detection of antigens.

A

Antibody

38
Q

In type I hypersensitivity/ Immediate hypersensitivity, injuries are caused by what antibodies? (3)

A

TH2 cells
IgE antibodies
Mast cells

39
Q

Can be detected in the sputum of patients with asthma.

A

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

40
Q

Type I hypersensitivity/ Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions. (6)

A

Skin allergies
Hives
Allergic rhinitis
Hay fever
Bronchial asthma
Systemic anaphylaxis

41
Q

Antibodies Responsible for Type II hypersensitivity/ Antibody-mediated Disorders?

A

IgG & IgM

Interfere with normal functions or injure cells by promoting phagocytosis or lysis and inducing inflammation.

42
Q

Type II hypersensitivity/ Antibody-mediated Disorders. (4)

A
  1. Transfusion reactions
  2. Hemolytic Disease of the newborn ( Erythroblastosis fetalis)
  3. Myasthenia gravis (Ach receptors)
  4. Grave’s disease (TSH Receptor)
43
Q

Immune Complex - mediated disorder/ Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction. (3)

A
  1. Arthus reaction
  2. Acute serum sickness ( Administration of large amounts of foreign serum)
  3. SLE
44
Q

Antibodies responsible for Immune Complex - mediated disorder/ Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction.

A

IgG and IgM

Same in Type II they induce inflammation.
(+) Fibrinoid necrosis

45
Q

Antibodies responsible for Cell- mediated immune disorders / Type IV hypersensitivity reactions.

A

T lymphocytes

46
Q

Immune Complex - mediated disorder/ Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction. (2)

A
  1. Delayed-type hypersensitivity in tuberculin reaction.
  2. CD8 + T cell Mediated Cytotoxicity - involved in perforins and granzymes leading to apoptosis of the target cell.
47
Q

Classical , Alternative and Lectin Pathway meets at ?

A

C3

48
Q

What are the two types of C3 convertase?

A

C4b2a & C3bBb

49
Q

Complements that cause inflammation?

A

C3a and C5a

( Aenflammation)

50
Q

Complement that functions for opsonization?

A

C3b

(Bidabida )

51
Q

Complements for MAC ( Membrane attack complex) ? (5)

A

C5b ( bidabida) combines with C6-C9 to form the MAC and induce cellular lysis to infected cells.

52
Q

What are the 2 types of C5 convertase?

A

C4b2aC3b & C3bBbC3b

53
Q

What complement pathway is blocked by Meningococcal disease? (2)

A

Alternative Pathway & Lectin Pathway

54
Q

What conplement pathway is blocked by Neisseria infection?

A

MAC (C5-C9)

55
Q

What complement pathway is blocked by Bacterial infections ( pneumococcus , h. influenzae) ?

A

Classical Pathway

Pathology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions